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Action 3.3 - ru
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  • Задача 3
  • Action 3.4 - ru

3.4. Эффективное управление и организация управления на основе равноправного подхода в отношении всех охраняемых и сохраняемых природных территорий и других участков, имеющих важное значение для видов

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  • 3.4.1. Учет в планах управления территориями (участками) ключевых потребностей видов.
    National management agencies
    Private sector engaged in conservation efforts

    Other tools and resources

    2020

    Ciudades Resilientes: Área Protegida Urbana de la Universidad de Buenos Aires

    Durante los años 60 se desarrollaron muchos vertederos en el Río de la Plata, Argentina. Estas acciones crearon un nuevo ecosistema de origen antropogénico.

    En 1985, un movimiento estudiantil comenzó a trabajar para proteger este sitio que se conocía como La Reserva Biológica y Parque para la Difusión de la Ciencia.

    La reserva fue el primer área urbana de Buenos Aires. Con el apoyo de las autoridades, comenzó un trabajo de tres décadas, y en 2011 el lugar fue designado por ley como un área urbana protegida llamada Ciudad Universitaria, Reserva Ecológica.

    Este sitio juega un papel esencial en la universidad y la ciudad de Buenos Aires, brindando servicios ambientales estratégicos para la salud humana. Es un excelente ejemplo de cómo los parques urbanos son esenciales para el bienestar de las personas que viven en las ciudades.

    Solutions and case studies

    Hiérarchisation de la responsabilité patrimoniale

    Dans le cadre du plan de gestion du domaine de la Tour du Valat, une méthode de hiérarchisation de la responsabilité patrimoniale a été définie.

    Elle se base sur 6 critères :

    • Valeur patrimoniale (sur la base des textes / lois) : notation de 0 à 4 (intérêt faible / régional / national / européen / mondial)
    • Représentativité de la population du site : notation de 0 à 4.
    • Etat de conservation de la population globale : notation de 0 à 2 (présumé favorable / défavorable inadéquate / mauvais).
    • Etat de conservation sur le site : notation de 0 à 2.
    • Irréversibilité : notation de 0 à 3 (nulle, faible, moyenne, forte). Equivaut à la probabilité de retrouver l’élément du patrimoine naturel après disparition.
    • Importance de la Camargue (site fonctionnel) pour la conservation de l’espèce / habitat : notation de 0 à 3.

    Ces critères une fois notés sont croisés selon une grille prédéfinie et permettent d’évaluer le niveau de responsabilité du site pour l’espèce ou l’habitat concerné.

    Implementation of EbA measures in the Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve

    A pilot was implemented to underpin the incorporation of an EbA approach into the planning tools for natural protected areas. The necessary methodologies and tools were developed, the vulnerability assessment was completed, the specific areas and the measures to be implemented were identified, including the communal management of native grasslands, vicuñas management (a wild relative of the llama), the expansion and conservation of wetlands and the restoration of water infrastructure.

    The Great Barrier Reef Strategic Assessment

    The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is an amazing natural treasure and one of the most precious ecosystems on Earth. In light of increasing pressures, and concerns raised by the World Heritage Committee on the impacts of development, the GBRMPA and other government agencies undertook a comprehensive strategic assessment, taking a look at the Reef’s values, the threats to those values and what is needed to manage and protect them.

    The use of interpretation to influence the behavior of snorkelers

    This solution addresses snorkeler impacts and dissatisfaction in the Mombasa Marine Park and Reserve (MMPR). James Cook University (JCU) and CORDIO delivered interpretive training to the snorkel industry to encourage pro-environmental snorkel behavior, enhance visitor experience and build sustainability. A major output was the creation of a code of conduct created by members of the snorkel industry. Results included more pro-environmental snorkel behaviors and enhanced visitor experience.

    The impact of ecotourism on changing perceptions about a PA

    The Almaty Nature Reserve in Kazakhstan is an attractive destination for ecotourists due to its rich biodiversity, modern tourism infrastructure in nearby city of Almaty and international flight connections. Although met with some local resistance when created due to imposed restrictions, a three pronged strategy focusing on environmental, educational and public engagement has improved relations with communities and the reserve now welcomes ecotourists every year and hosts annual eco events.

    Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) for improved protected area management in Vietnam

    In 2013, SMART was launched in ten pilot PAs covering three geographical regions of Vietnam. The tool is aimed to improve patrolling quality and data collection on forest resources and biodiversity. Lessons learned from four years of successful implementation are the following: (1) SMART provides support of PA managers in evaluating staff performance; (2) SMART can be implemented with little costs as it is easy to use and to integrate into existing patrolling plans.

    Reduction of the impacts of human activities on a Bearded Vulture nest

    In the upper Cogne Valley (Valnontey), one of the three pairs of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus Barbatus of the Gran Paradiso National Park has been breeding since 2015. The rocky nesting complex also constitutes an area internationally well known for icefall climbing. The activity of the climbers takes place during the same period (December-February) as the vulture’s initial and more delicate stages (laying and hatching) of nesting. Anthropogenic disturbances are a widely recognized cause, in the scientific world, of a high risk of reproductive failure for the Bearded Vulture. A “buffer” area (500 m around the nest) where any form of access is forbidden has been implemented in the Park to protect the reproductive success of the pair. These restrictive measures are planned as part of the “minimum conservation measures” provided for in the Park Plan, the main AP management tool.

    Supporting dialogue process to declare a regional MPA in La Guajira, Colombia

    Together with the regional environmental authority (Corpoguajira), the Ministry of the Interior and the Wayuu indigenous communities of La Guajira department, we have supported a dialogue process to declare a regional Marine Protected Area (MPA) following the Colombian Roadmap for MPAs. A pivotal step in this declaration is the prior consultation, where the vision and traditional knowledge of local communities is included. The future MPA of “Bahías Honda y Hondita” is located in the northeast of Colombia and is part of the indigenous reservation.

    Within the dialogue process, we have enhanced agreements on the use and management of marine resources between the Wayuu and the authorities. Those agreements take into account the vision and cosmogony of the communities, which will be the basis for the management plan of the MPA. The MPA declaration is part of a broader strategy of integrated planning and management of coastal and marine areas developed by the MIMAC project.

    Coral Reef Valuation for MPA Management and Implementation

    An ecosystem valuation analysis of St Maarten’s coral reefs quantifies the value of these ecosystems. The results were used to support the establishment of St Maarten’s first Marine Protected Area and to implement further management actions connected to the MPA. Moreover, the results were incorporated in climate change response strategies. The communication of the valuation’s outcome supports awareness rising among coastal communities and a growing understanding of the importance of coral reefs.

    Coordinated multi-layered management for implementation of MSP across the GBR

    This solution addresses achieving effective MPA management, especially with resource limitations, in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia; it is primarily aimed at MPA managers, but also others who need to understand MPA management.

    The National Marine Sanctuaries Visitor Counting Process: A Process to Inform Marine Protected Area Management & Community Development

    Through the National Marine Sanctuaries Visitor Counting Process (NMS-COUNT), marine protected area (MPA) resource managers gain valid and reliable data and methods to advance predictive capability and understanding of visitors. The NMS-COUNT process is an iterative framework that allows local management and stakeholders to add knowledge of visitor use at an NMS unit through each phase.
    Building off the US Interagency Visitor Monitoring Framework, NMS-COUNT facilitates local input on visitation and communication with managers and researchers to develop and implement the most efficient methodology. Understanding visitor use can help MPA managers create better policies, leading to more satisfied visitors and healthier coastal ecosystems. Visitation data helps to efficiently maintain and manage local ecological, economic and social resources. NMS-COUNT helps resource managers adhere to limits of resilience within MPAs, leading to sustainable use and maintenance for future generations.

    Assessment of individual PAs’ contribution to environmental conventions

    Through a 10-step system, the Convention-Check method applies a bottom-up approach to assess the contribution of large-scale protected areas to the implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), allowing to overcome deadlocks in MEA implementation, contributing to improved global PA governance. The Convention Check was carried out in Thaya Valley National Park, Austria, demonstrating that the park contributes significantly to implementation of 5 MEAs.

    Ecological Conservation and Sustainable Development of Changbai Mountain

    Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve contains the temperate mountainous forest ecosystem that is the most typical and best preserved in the same latitudes on the planet and also the most representative natural complex in the northern half of the Eurasia. It is a comprehensive nature reserve that integrates multiple functions of ecological protection, water conservation, public education, scientific research, ecotourism, and international exchanges and cooperation, and praised as the Ecological Lung of Northeast China. It is not only a hotspot for China’s biodiversity research, but also holds a very important position with its high ecological value in the global conservation field. In order to advance both conservation and development, Changbai Mountain actively explores a path that develops urban areas as scenic areas while protecting the ecological environment and seeks to promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

    European Park Marittime-Mercantour: how long term transboundary conservation can lead to a juridical common management structure

    Starting from their territorial contiguity, the common natural and cultural heritage, the two parks have created a unique protected area of about 1000 km² across the F/I border. A long partnership process, at first generated by the need of common wildlife management, lead then to sustainable development and common visual identity. Thanks to more and more integrated projects, they developed a shared vision, and have finally created a common juridical structure following a new EU regulation: EGTC.

    Local impact of the reserve effect on a population of vultures

    Following the sharp decline in the population of vultures, the Ossau Nature Reserve was created in 1974 on the territory of the Pyrenees National Park to save the couple dozen remaining vultures. 40 years later, hundreds of vultures live in the reserve, and nearly 825 in the French Pyrenees. This increase in population has led to the development of nature tourism and the development of plot rendering agreement with the local farmers.

    Conservación del única ave endémica (Amazilia luciae) en el occidente de Honduras

    El colibrí esmeralda hondureño (Honduran emerald – Amazilia luciae) es la unica ave endémica de Honduras. Habita en los bosques secos del interior donde se alimenta de una decena de nectar de flores de temporada. Los bosques Secos son los mas afectados por las actividades humanas, ya que solo contamos con el 7% del bosque original y un 3% en regeneracion. El ave se ha convertido en emblema de la zona y ha propiciado la creacion de las Areas protegidas de habitat por especie y de Reservas Naturales privadas, donde los propietarios son excentos de impuestos de propiedad a cambio del buen uso del bosque y recursos.

    Se realizan monitoreos mensuales en los sitios aptos para colibri demostrado que la población de colibríes esmeralda se mantiene estable; tambien se han realizado plantaciones de espeices de plantas nectaríferas para colibries en areas degradadas.

    En la actualidad la población esta conciente de la presencia y lo que significa la presencia de esta ave para la zona y para el país.

     

     

     

    Guarding the window of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest: the vivid practice of biodiversity conservation in Qianjiangyuan National Park, China

    Qianjiangyuan National Park is situated in the Yangtze River Delta area with rich biodiversity. It is a rare area where the authenticity and integrity of the typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest have been preserved despite long-term human activities. It is the distributional center of black muntjac and Elliot’s pheasant, Chinese endemic species. After becoming the first pilot program for China’s national park system, the Park adopts effective measures in good management, scientific research monitoring, protection and development and other aspects, such as implementation of easement reform for land management problems stressing on collectively owned forest, conducting biodiversity background investigation, and so on to build a model of national park construction in eastern China’s developed regions. These effective measures have guarded the window of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and realized a vivid pattern of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

  • 3.4.2. Обучение и материально-техническое обеспечение сотрудников, осуществляющих управление (включая рейнджеров, работающих в государственных или частных организациях, являющихся представителями обще
    National management agencies
    Private sector engaged in conservation efforts

    Other tools and resources

    2021

    Combat des feux de forêt dans la région du volcan Tacaná

    La Réserve de biosphère du volcan Tacaná, située aux confins du Mexique et du Guatemala, constitue une grande richesse biologique et culturelle. La région est le berceau de la culture des Mames. S’ajoute à ce patrimoine culturel une incroyable biodiversité d’espèces endémiques menacées cependant par les activités humaines, principalement le feu de forêt. En effet, chaque année, des hectares entiers de forêt sont détruits par des incendies volontaires. Les gardiens de parc de la CONANP [Commission nationale des aires naturelles protégées du Mexique] dispensent une formation sur le combat des feux de forêt à des brigades de volontaires au sein des communautés de la région.

    2020

    Programme de #GuardaparquesVoluntarios – une stratégie de collaboration et de conservation de la nature

    La Asociación Defensores del Chaco Pyporé (l’association défenseurs du Chaco Pyporé), au Paraguay, œuvre dans le domaine de la conservation des zones sauvages protégées et de la responsabilisation de la jeunesse au Paraguay. Une partie de son travail consiste à diriger l’initiative Voluntaria de Guardaparques (gardiens de parc bénévoles) et la campagne #SoyGuardaparque (je suis gardien de parc).

    L’objectif principal de l’initiative consiste à reconnaître le travail des héros de la conservation et à impliquer la société civile dans la conservation de la nature en insistant sur la jeunesse.

    Cette initiative a été créée en 2017 et, à ce jour, a réuni un total de 200 gardiens de parc bénévoles.

    2024

    Building trust between rangers and communities

    This is the first volume in the WCPA Good Practice Guidelines that is predominantly by rangers, for rangers. The editors worked with partners to collect good practices and stories from rangers worldwide, reflecting global experience and lessons learned. The text focuses on actions that rangers, and to a lesser extent managers, can do themselves. It does not address institutional changes that would need intervention at government level. Whilst the latter are often necessary, decisions are out of the hands of individual rangers. Nor is the guide the last word on the state of play, another global ranger survey is being carried out simultaneously with the production of these guidelines and we will continue to learn about ranger needs, strengths and challenges in the future.

    Solutions and case studies

    Scaling up Co-management from Hin Nam No to Village Forest Areas in Lao PDR

    AFC scaled up a model for communities to participate in protected area management developed with GIZ between 2013-2016 in the Hin Nam No NPA. AFC supported three civil society organizations to implement the model elsewhere, including through co-management training modules, national-level awareness raising, exchange visits to Hin Nam No, local capacity building and policy advocacy. There are now 21 officially approved village co-management agreements, covering 204,747 ha of village forests.

    Developing Competence Standards for Protected Area Jobs in Southeast Asia

    The development and use of protected area competences at different levels have taken place in local and Regional scales with good results in all continents. The ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation competences published in 2003 by Appleton et al. ‘Competence Standards for Protected Area Jobs in Southeast Asia’ has been used in various ways to develop local competence based approaches in more than 20 countries.

    #VolunteerParkRanger Program: a Strategy for Getting in Touch with and Conserving Nature

    The Asociación Defensores del Chaco Pyporé [Association to Protect Chaco Pyporé], in Paraguay, is committed to the conservation of protected wildlife areas and the empowerment of youth in Paraguay. As part of their work, they lead the Volunteer Park Ranger initiative, and the #IamaParkRanger.

    The initiative’s main objective is to recognize the work of conservation heroes and involve civil society in nature conservation with an emphasis on youth.

    This initiative was created in 2017 and to date, it has attracted a total of 200 volunteer park rangers.

    Ecological Conservation and Sustainable Development of Changbai Mountain

    Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve contains the temperate mountainous forest ecosystem that is the most typical and best preserved in the same latitudes on the planet and also the most representative natural complex in the northern half of the Eurasia. It is a comprehensive nature reserve that integrates multiple functions of ecological protection, water conservation, public education, scientific research, ecotourism, and international exchanges and cooperation, and praised as the Ecological Lung of Northeast China. It is not only a hotspot for China’s biodiversity research, but also holds a very important position with its high ecological value in the global conservation field. In order to advance both conservation and development, Changbai Mountain actively explores a path that develops urban areas as scenic areas while protecting the ecological environment and seeks to promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

    Fighting forest fires on the Tacaná Volcano

    The Tacaná Volcano Biosphere Reserve, on the Mexico-Guatemala border, is a region of great biological and cultural richness. The MAM culture was born there. This cultural heritage flourishes along with an incredible biodiversity where many of its species are endemic and threatened by human activities. Fire is the main threat to the reserve. Every year, hectares of forest are lost due to arson. CONANP [Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas = National Commission of Protected Natural Areas] park rangers perform work training community brigades, teaching in the communities and fighting fires when they occur. 

  • 3.4.3. Расширение прав и возможностей коренных народов и местных сообществ, а также всех правообладателей и заинтересованных сторон принимать участие в организации управления и привносить свои знания
    Indigenous and local knowledge holders
    Regional organisations
    Fishers’ Associations
    Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
    IUCN

    Primary tools and resources

    Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

    The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity. is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It is a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Nagoya Protocol sets out core obligations for its contracting Parties to take measures in relation to access to genetic resources, benefit-sharing and compliance. The Nagoya Protocol addresses traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources with provisions on access, benefit-sharing, and compliance. It also addresses genetic resources where indigenous and local communities have the established right to grant access to them. Contracting Parties should take measures to ensure these communities’ free, prior, informed consent, keeping in mind community laws and procedures as well as customary use and exchange. The Nagoya Protocol entered into force on 12 October 2014.

    How to use

    The Nagoya Protocol is available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian at: https://www.cbd.int/abs

    Nagoya Protocol Factsheets on access and benefit sharing can be downloaded at: https://www.cbd.int/abs/factsheet

    United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

    The Declaration is a comprehensive instrument detailing the rights of indigenous peoples in international law and policy. It establishes a universal framework of minimum standards for the survival, dignity, wellbeing and rights of the world’s indigenous peoples.

    The Declaration addresses both individual and collective rights; cultural rights and identity; rights to education, health, employment, language, and others. It outlaws discrimination against indigenous peoples and promotes their full and effective participation in all matters that concern them.

    It also ensures their right to remain distinct and to pursue their own priorities in economic, social and cultural development. The Declaration explicitly encourages harmonious and cooperative relations between States and indigenous peoples.

    IUCN Standard on Indigenous Peoples

    The Standard represents IUCN’s policy objectives with respect to indigenous peoples. It contains eight policy objectives for projects undertaken or supported by IUCN to support indigenous peoples and promote their role in conservation and management of sustainable resources.

    The purpose of this Standard is to ensure that IUCN projects anticipate and avoid negative impacts on indigenous peoples or to minimise and/or compensate for impacts; take all rights and needs of indigenous peoples fully into account in project planning and implementation; and ensure that their customs, cultural and spiritual values, and perspectives on the environment are included.

     

    Other tools and resources

    2021

    Conservación de la Microcuenca San Pablo: una historia de éxito de gobernanza compartida entre municipio y población local

    La microcuenca de San Pablo, como bosque protector de nacimientos de agua, constituye una zona estratégica para el Municipio, el cual ha debido arbitrar medios necesarios para su protección a raíz de un nuevo escenario de producción: el cultivo de aguacate y sus consecuencias ambientales como la contaminación hídrica por los pesticidas y fertilizantes utilizados, la disminución de vegetación y bosques y la consecuente pérdida de conectividad ecológica con las demás microcuencas.
    Entre las principales acciones de conservación implementadas se encuentran el aislamiento de los sitios de recarga hídrica para el control de daños por ingreso de ganado, la reforestación con especies nativas y la firma de acuerdos entre cultivadores de aguacate e instituciones del Estado en todos sus niveles, a fin de  reducir la presión sobre el recurso hídrico.

    2021

    Manejo de páramos y bosques de neblina: una experiencia exitosa de gestión municipal y comunitaria en el Perú

    En el Área de Conservación Ambiental (ACA) “Páramos y Bosques Nublados de Cachiaco y San Pablo -Pacaipampa”, el manejo del área es respaldado por las poblaciones locales, con el interés de asegurar la conservación y el buen uso de los recursos naturales de la zona, principalmente del recurso hídrico. Los acuerdos entre la comunidad se gestionan a través de asambleas con la finalidad de disminuir la presión sobre el bosque y páramo. A su vez, se promueven actividades productivas sostenibles para apoyar a las familias cercanas al ACA y mejorar su calidad, dinamizando la inversión pública, privada y de cooperación para lo cual se ha trabajado y validado de manera articulada con los diversos actores relacionados al ACA, un plan de gestión para un desarrollo ordenado en un corto, mediano y largo plazo.

    2021

    Manglares de San Pedro de Vice: Un referente en gestión de humedales en el Perú.

    El Manglar de San Pedro de Vice es un tipo único de bosque tropical que cuenta con especies de flora y fauna protegidas a nivel nacional e internacional y representa un espacio de refugio y alimentación para la migración de aves, reproducción y crecimiento de invertebrados y ecosistema de algarrobal.

    En el año 2008, el Manglar de San Pedro fue designado el 13° Sitio RAMSAR del Perú. Con este antecedente, en el año 2013, se inicia el Proyecto Piloto sobre la Administración Local a través de la formación de un Comité de Gestión Participativa. Dicho Comité tiene el propósito de velar por la conservación del manglar con base en el diseño de herramientas de gestión, convirtiéndose en una de las pioneras en el manejo de humedales en el país.

    2021

    APA – Serra do Guararu

    Este proyecto pone el foco en preservar los ecosistemas naturales de esa región, proteger especies endémicas, incentivar investigaciones científicas, conservar la cobertura del suelo, los servicios ambientales, el patrimonio ambiental, cultural, fomentar el turismo sustentable. Estas herramientas vienen a intentar contrarrestrar los efectos de problemas existentes y actuales tales como: Convencer al poder público y a la comunidad de la importancia de preservar los antes mencionados y establecer un área protegida- APA-, la situación ameritaba un imperioso y urgente plan de creación de APA a efectos de evitar ocupaciones clandestinas y establecimiento de redes criminales, deforestación ilegal, caza predatoria, contaminación y deterioro ambiental.

    Ante este panorama de diversos y difusos problemas es que este proyecto ha tomado una enorme relevancia como un caso realmente exitoso, y pasible de ser replicado en otras zonas.

    2020

    CORCOPA – Optimized Conservation of Europa’s Coral Reefs using Ecoacoustics

    The coral reef around Europa island is one of the world’s rare reefs that remain in a near pristine condition. Its conservation is both a priority and a logistic challenge due to its remoteness. The frequency of visual surveys (a snapshot every 3 to 5 years) is insufficient to support its effective management. Indeed, accelerating effects of climate change and temporal dynamics of reef populations require frequent monitoring. Moreover, visual surveys are expensive and provide only partial information.

    In April 2018, we installed an autonomous acoustic monitoring station on Europa’s reef at 12 m depth. A hydrophone continuously records the soundscape. Data are transmitted to a terrestrial station, providing a near real-time information about the state of the ecosystem. To understand how variations in soundscape relate to ecosystem state, ecoacoustic indices were determined by coupling acoustic and visual surveys (videos for fishes, 3D modelling for habitat) on 9 sites around the island.

    2020

    La reserve de développement durable Mamirauá – Traivaller avec les communautés autochtones en Amazonie

    L’Institut de développement durable Mamirauá a été fondé en 1999 en vue de proposer des connaissances scientifiques, technologiques et novatrices aux communautés de la région de l’Amazonie. Le mandat est exercé avec le plus haut niveau d’éthique et de responsabilité, en respectant les connaissances traditionnelles des habitants.

    L’Institut a créé la Réserve de développement durable de Mamirauá. D’une superficie de 1 240 000 hectares, la Réserve abrite la plus grande zone humide de la planète, ce qui la place au premier rang des réserves de développement durable (de catégorie 6 de l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature) au Brésil.

    Au cours des dernières décennies, la Réserve de développement durable de Mamirauá a été surexploitée par des entreprises privées. C’est pourquoi l’Institut travaille en étroite collaboration avec les communautés locales afin de veiller à l’utilisation durable des ressources halieutiques.

    IWC Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling Management Programme (ASWMP): science-based management of aboriginal whaling activities

    In some parts of the world, whale products play an important role in the nutritional and cultural life of native peoples.  Four IWC member countries conduct aboriginal subsistence hunts today: Denmark (Greenland), Russia (Chukotka), St Vincent and the Grenadines (Bequia) and the United States (Alaska and also potentially a resumption of hunts previously undertaken by the Makah Tribe of Washington State).

    From the outset, the IWC recognised that indigenous or aboriginal subsistence whaling is not the same as commercial whaling. Aboriginal whaling does not seek to maximise catches or profit.  It is categorised differently by the IWC and is not subject to the moratorium.  The IWC recognises that its regulations have the potential to impact significantly on traditional cultures, and great care must be taken in discharging this responsibility.

    In summary, the IWC objectives for management of aboriginal subsistence whaling are to ensure that hunted whale populations are maintained at (or brought back to) healthy levels, and to enable native people to hunt whales at levels that are appropriate to cultural and nutritional requirements in the long term.

    CBD decision on integration of provisions related to indigenous peoples and local communities in the work of the Convention and its Protocols

    DECISION ADOPTED BY THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON
    BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

    14/17. Integration of Article 8(j) and provisions related to indigenous peoples and local communities in the work of the Convention and its Protocols

    Solutions and case studies

    Intégrer les cultivateurs de Vanille dans la conservation de la biodiversité des forêts tropicales

    L’ONF a associé les cultivateurs de Vanille en sous-bois (+ de 200 à St Philippe) à la restauration écologique de certaines parcelles forestières très envahies situées en Réserve Biologique, en leur attribuant des concessions. Les concessionnaires ont réalisé un important travail de lutte contre les plantes invasives (en particulier contre Schinus et Psidium), tout en conservant les arbres indigènes pour servir de tuteurs à la Vanille. Les autres espèces indigènes sont aussi conservées et la disparition des espèces invasives a favorisé leur retour dans le sous-bois (fougères en particulier). Dans ces parcelles concédées, les espèces indigènes dominent à nouveau le couvert forestier, tout en permettant une production de Vanille en sous-bois. Ce dernier fait l’objet d’un entretien par le concessionnaire, qui est régi par un cahier des charges et contrôlé par les agents de l’ONF. Ce dispositif permet le contrôle des invasives telles que Clidemia hirta et limite leur invasion dans les reliques avoisinantes bien conservées.

    Strengthening Governance of Small-Scale Fisheries Management

    An Ecosystem Approach for Fisheries (EAF) was adopted by municipalities in Misamis Occidental, Philippines, to improve small-scale fisheries management for poverty reduction. They belong to Iligan Bay Alliance of Misamis Occidental (IBAMO), an initiative providing governance frameworks for LGU collaboration. It aims to be a proactive, committed, dynamic alliance for sustainable coastal resource development and seeks to foster the wellbeing of the environment and the people depending on fishing.

    Sustainable Fisheries in the Galera-San Francisco Marine Reserve

    The Galera-San Francisco Marine Reserve is one of the most important zones for biodiversity conservation in coastal Ecuador. Local residents are heavily dependent on it, with artisanal fishing as a core activity. The fishing association Arte Langosta and the Nazca Institute created a participatory management system which promotes the protection of biodiversity and sustainable local development. Stakeholders and authorities develop an effective governance model with fair economic alternatives.

    Scaling up Co-management from Hin Nam No to Village Forest Areas in Lao PDR

    AFC scaled up a model for communities to participate in protected area management developed with GIZ between 2013-2016 in the Hin Nam No NPA. AFC supported three civil society organizations to implement the model elsewhere, including through co-management training modules, national-level awareness raising, exchange visits to Hin Nam No, local capacity building and policy advocacy. There are now 21 officially approved village co-management agreements, covering 204,747 ha of village forests.

    Yunguilla: Una exitosa alianza entre conservación y desarrollo para la recuperación y preservación del área y su comunidad.

    El proyecto de gestión del Área Ecológica de Conservación y Uso Sustentable (ACUS) Yunguilla ha sido el resultado de un proceso iniciado en el año 1995 , el cuál continúa en activo desarrollo. Se ha restaurado el ecosistema y su biodiversidad,  pasando de actividades no sostenibles y dañinas para el hábitat como el avance de la frontera agrícola, presión sobre los recursos naturales, tala de bosque y  quema indiscriminada a actividades sostenibles. La estrategia desarrollada en el ACUS ha permitido la implementación de sistemas agrarios más sostenibles y amigables con el ambiente, la explotación turística ecológica y responsable, la elaboración de productos artesanales y el consecuente mejoramiento de las condiciones sociales, económicas y  la calidad de vida de las familias en la comunidad, como así también, la continuidad de los servicios ambientales, lo que convierte a Yunguilla en  un  caso emblemático y potencialmente replicable  en otros lugares.

    Tourism as a driver for change

    The Public Use and Recreation Program (PURP) addresses the problem of destructive recreational activities in Cabo Pulmo National Park. The Program provides guidelines to local tour operators to reduce negative impacts of tourism activities on the Parks’ habitats and ensures their economic sustainability. As a result limits on water sports practiced in the Park are set, which dramatically reduces the impacts on the reefs resulting from these activities.

    Fisheries Co-management: Fisherfolk Part of the Solution

    Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Councils (FARMC) constituted by representatives from local fisherfolk, government, academia, civil society and private sectors serve as a legal forum to jointly discuss and decide solutions for the sustainable use of municipal marine resources. Through the FARMC resource users have a legal status and are actively involved in the management of fisheries and aquatic resources and take part in the decision making process.

    A conservation model for Costa Rica

    Costa Rica faces enormous challenges in ensuring the sustainability of conservation endeavours. A shortage of sustainable finance continue to exert pressure on protected areas. To ensure the long-term funding of conservation, SINAC, together with its partners, created the public-private conservation initiative Forever Costa Rica. This non-profit association aims to complement state and private efforts to preserve biodiversity e.g. through the implementation of management plans for fourteen MPAs.

    From “Paper Park” to Model Protected Area: The transformation of Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

    We describe our collective efforts to transform Ikh Nart Nature Reserve in Mongolia from a “paper park” (existed only on paper with no active management) into a model protected area. Five overlapping and complementary aspects of our work included: 1) rigorous research; 2) a management structure, plan and process; 3) building local capacity; 4) cultivating local support; and 5) creating sustainable administrative policies and funding. Lessons learned may offer guidance for other protected areas.

    An Example of Governance and Participation of Indigenous People and Nations in The Management of the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador

    Several factors contributed to the consolidation of the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve in Ecuador. One of them was the empowerment of indigenous organizations to establish “Use and Management Agreements” with the State. Besides that, the government defined policies for the conservation of protected areas, such as the Socio Bosque Program, the National Environment Fund, and investments in sustainable tourism. Finally, the availability of funds and technical assistance from international cooperation was key to support an initiative integration across borders (Colombia–Ecuador–Peru).

    Mamirauá Reserve for Sustainable Development – Working with Indigenous communities in the Amazon

    The Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development was created in 1999 to provide science, technology and innovation to communities in the Amazon region. This is done with a high level of ethics and responsibility, respecting their traditional knowledge.

     

    The Institute is responsible for the creation of the Mamirauá Reserve. With 1,240,000 hectares, the reserve has the largest wetland area on the planet and is the first Sustainable Development Reserve (IUCN category 6) in Brazil.

     

    In recent decades, Mamiraua has been over-exploited by private companies, so the Institute works closely with local communities to ensure the sustainable use of fisheries resources.

    Explore the balance between conservation and community development — Take the easement project of Badagongshan Protection as an example

    Taking Badagongshan Conservation area as an example, this paper analyzes and summarizes the conservation easement project being implemented in the conservation area, so as to explore the way to balance the conservation of protected land and the development of community. This paper summarizes the positive role of project implementation, the problems encountered in the process of project implementation, the necessary conditions of project implementation, and the summary of project implementation experience.

    Cozumel Reef Management Cooperation

    Due to its spectacular marine life, Cozumel is a main tourist destination for diving. Poorly planned and managed tourism development has critically damaged Cozumel’s coastal and marine habitats. Strengthened cooperation and coordination among key public and private stakeholder groups are necessary to more effectively implement the environmental management plan. In addition, information campaigns raise the local population’s awareness and involve them in protection and conservation strategies.

    Co-management (shared governance) of natural resources in the coastal area

    This solution aims to create a better governance (shared governance) of natural resources in the coastal zone of Soc Trang Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam to protect its first line of coastal defence (mangroves) and to improve the livelihood of local communities through resource conservation. This approach also ensures climate justice through participative stakeholder processes and benefits for all affected stakeholders.

  • 3.4.4. Обеспечение того, чтобы коренные народы и местные сообщества, а также все правообладатели и заинтересованные стороны были всесторонне и на равной основе информированы, привлечены к участию и вк
    Indigenous and local knowledge holders
    Regional organisations
    Fishers’ Associations
    Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
    IUCN

    Primary tools and resources

    Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

    The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity. is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It is a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Nagoya Protocol sets out core obligations for its contracting Parties to take measures in relation to access to genetic resources, benefit-sharing and compliance. The Nagoya Protocol addresses traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources with provisions on access, benefit-sharing, and compliance. It also addresses genetic resources where indigenous and local communities have the established right to grant access to them. Contracting Parties should take measures to ensure these communities’ free, prior, informed consent, keeping in mind community laws and procedures as well as customary use and exchange. The Nagoya Protocol entered into force on 12 October 2014.

    How to use

    The Nagoya Protocol is available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian at: https://www.cbd.int/abs

    Nagoya Protocol Factsheets on access and benefit sharing can be downloaded at: https://www.cbd.int/abs/factsheet

    United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

    The Declaration is a comprehensive instrument detailing the rights of indigenous peoples in international law and policy. It establishes a universal framework of minimum standards for the survival, dignity, wellbeing and rights of the world’s indigenous peoples.

    The Declaration addresses both individual and collective rights; cultural rights and identity; rights to education, health, employment, language, and others. It outlaws discrimination against indigenous peoples and promotes their full and effective participation in all matters that concern them.

    It also ensures their right to remain distinct and to pursue their own priorities in economic, social and cultural development. The Declaration explicitly encourages harmonious and cooperative relations between States and indigenous peoples.

    IUCN Standard on Indigenous Peoples

    The Standard represents IUCN’s policy objectives with respect to indigenous peoples. It contains eight policy objectives for projects undertaken or supported by IUCN to support indigenous peoples and promote their role in conservation and management of sustainable resources.

    The purpose of this Standard is to ensure that IUCN projects anticipate and avoid negative impacts on indigenous peoples or to minimise and/or compensate for impacts; take all rights and needs of indigenous peoples fully into account in project planning and implementation; and ensure that their customs, cultural and spiritual values, and perspectives on the environment are included.

     

    Other tools and resources

    2021

    Integración de la mayordomía religiosa y tradicional en la gestión del Patrimonio Mundial de los Sitios Sagrados y Rutas de Peregrinación en las Montañas Kii, Japón

    Los Sitios Sagrados y Rutas de Peregrinación de las Montañas Kii fueron inscritos en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial en 2004, bajo los criterios (ii), (iii), (iv) y (vi). El bien incluye partes del Parque Nacional Yoshino-Kumano y el núcleo de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la UNESCO Monte Odaigahara, Monte Omine y Osugidani, y Lugares de belleza escénica, Sitios históricos, Tesoros nacionales y Monumentos naturales que están protegidos por la Ley para la protección de los bienes culturales. El bien está compuesto por los núcleos de 3 de las religiones más importantes de Japón: el sintoísmo en Kumano-Sanzan, el budismo Shingon en Koyasan y Shugendo en Yoshino y Omine, y las rutas de peregrinación que las conectan. La gestión de un bien tan complejo donde los valores naturales y culturales y los sistemas de protección se interrelacionan se basa en su valor sagrado y la administración continua de las comunidades religiosas y locales presentes en el área.

    2021

    Laponiatjuottjudus: un sistema de gestión participativo en el Área de Laponia Patrimonio Mundial, Suecia

    El Área de Laponia fue inscrita en 1996 en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial según los criterios (iii), (v), (vii), (viii) y (ix). Está compuesta por 4 parques nacionales y 2 reservas naturales que contienen dos tipos de paisajes dominantes: una llanura oriental que comprende marismas, cientos de lagos y bosques mixtos; y un paisaje montañoso occidental con valles escarpados y ríos poderosos, que contiene alrededor de 100 glaciares. Este mosaico de áreas protegidas está situado en Sápmi, región asentada hace unos 7.000-8.000 años, y utilizada por muchas generaciones por los Sámi como áreas de pastoreo de verano para sus renos, una cultura que ha dado forma al paisaje suavemente. En 2012, Laponiatjuottjudus se constituyó para encargarse de la administración del bien y la implementación del plan de gestión adoptado en 2011. Este consejo de administración, compuesto en su mayoría por representantes Sámi, funciona mediante la toma de decisiones por consenso.

    2020

    Participación comunitaria en el diseño del Programa de Manejo del Parque Nacional Bahía de Loreto

    Hablar del uso de sus recursos naturales, es hablar desde las culturas prehispánicas, quienes lograron armonizar el aprovechamiento de los recursos marinos y terrestres con sus necesidades. En la actualidad, directa o indirectamente, la comunidad loretana vive del Parque Nacional. Los usuarios, conscientes de ello, impulsaron su creación en 1996. La modificación del segundo Programa de Manejo en 2019, fue a través de un amplio proceso de participación activa de los diferentes sectores: pescadores, prestadores de servicios turísticos, instituciones de gobierno, académicos, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y público en general. Las opiniones y sugerencias obtenidas en mesas de trabajo, fueron incorporadas a su Programa. Este documento se diseñó en colaboración con los diferentes sectores involucrados y con la población, estableciendo las actividades permitidos y no permitidas, a través de una zonificación. Los usuarios son quienes propusieron al gobierno nuevas reglas de uso.

    IWC Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling Management Programme (ASWMP): science-based management of aboriginal whaling activities

    In some parts of the world, whale products play an important role in the nutritional and cultural life of native peoples.  Four IWC member countries conduct aboriginal subsistence hunts today: Denmark (Greenland), Russia (Chukotka), St Vincent and the Grenadines (Bequia) and the United States (Alaska and also potentially a resumption of hunts previously undertaken by the Makah Tribe of Washington State).

    From the outset, the IWC recognised that indigenous or aboriginal subsistence whaling is not the same as commercial whaling. Aboriginal whaling does not seek to maximise catches or profit.  It is categorised differently by the IWC and is not subject to the moratorium.  The IWC recognises that its regulations have the potential to impact significantly on traditional cultures, and great care must be taken in discharging this responsibility.

    In summary, the IWC objectives for management of aboriginal subsistence whaling are to ensure that hunted whale populations are maintained at (or brought back to) healthy levels, and to enable native people to hunt whales at levels that are appropriate to cultural and nutritional requirements in the long term.

    CBD decision on integration of provisions related to indigenous peoples and local communities in the work of the Convention and its Protocols

    DECISION ADOPTED BY THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON
    BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

    14/17. Integration of Article 8(j) and provisions related to indigenous peoples and local communities in the work of the Convention and its Protocols

    Solutions and case studies

    Palau’s Protected Areas Network Act

    The solution establishes a nationwide framework that empowers communities to designate and manage marine and terrestrial protected areas in cooperation with partners. It provides standards, criteria, application processes, and technical and financial assistance for management and monitoring of sites.

    Strengthening Governance of Small-Scale Fisheries Management

    An Ecosystem Approach for Fisheries (EAF) was adopted by municipalities in Misamis Occidental, Philippines, to improve small-scale fisheries management for poverty reduction. They belong to Iligan Bay Alliance of Misamis Occidental (IBAMO), an initiative providing governance frameworks for LGU collaboration. It aims to be a proactive, committed, dynamic alliance for sustainable coastal resource development and seeks to foster the wellbeing of the environment and the people depending on fishing.

    Sustainable Fisheries in the Galera-San Francisco Marine Reserve

    The Galera-San Francisco Marine Reserve is one of the most important zones for biodiversity conservation in coastal Ecuador. Local residents are heavily dependent on it, with artisanal fishing as a core activity. The fishing association Arte Langosta and the Nazca Institute created a participatory management system which promotes the protection of biodiversity and sustainable local development. Stakeholders and authorities develop an effective governance model with fair economic alternatives.

    Scaling up Co-management from Hin Nam No to Village Forest Areas in Lao PDR

    AFC scaled up a model for communities to participate in protected area management developed with GIZ between 2013-2016 in the Hin Nam No NPA. AFC supported three civil society organizations to implement the model elsewhere, including through co-management training modules, national-level awareness raising, exchange visits to Hin Nam No, local capacity building and policy advocacy. There are now 21 officially approved village co-management agreements, covering 204,747 ha of village forests.

    Strategizing Biodiversity Action Plan to National Biodiversity Targets, Sustainable Development Goals and Aichi Targets Framework

    1. Review of the earlier strategy and action plan.

    2. Identification of gaps and issues vis a vis the National Biodiversity Targets, Sustainable Development Goals and Aichi Targets.

    3. Mobilisation /training /consultation programmes with all the important Stake holders.

    4. Framing of achievable targets taking into consideration all the possible National and International Targets. 
    5. Resource assessment on implementation of the Targets identified/ set.

     

     

    Fisheries Co-management: Fisherfolk Part of the Solution

    Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Councils (FARMC) constituted by representatives from local fisherfolk, government, academia, civil society and private sectors serve as a legal forum to jointly discuss and decide solutions for the sustainable use of municipal marine resources. Through the FARMC resource users have a legal status and are actively involved in the management of fisheries and aquatic resources and take part in the decision making process.

    An Example of Governance and Participation of Indigenous People and Nations in The Management of the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador

    Several factors contributed to the consolidation of the Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve in Ecuador. One of them was the empowerment of indigenous organizations to establish “Use and Management Agreements” with the State. Besides that, the government defined policies for the conservation of protected areas, such as the Socio Bosque Program, the National Environment Fund, and investments in sustainable tourism. Finally, the availability of funds and technical assistance from international cooperation was key to support an initiative integration across borders (Colombia–Ecuador–Peru).

    Integrated protection of the cultural and natural heritage of the Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests

    The Kayas and the sacred forests of the Mijikenda community are a unique place for the conservation of botanical species endemic of the East African coastal forests and they considered as the carriers of group identity due to their status as sacred places and home to the Mijikenda.

    The solution focuses on preserving the natural environment surrounding the Kayas through the continuation of a management approach based on the traditional knowledge of the Mijikenda and the principles of self-restrain supervised by spiritual leaders and the Council of Elders (Kambi). The protection of these outstanding sites is further supported by the National Museums of Kenya which protects the sites at the institutional and legal levels.

    This unique connection of nature, culture and sacredness has led to the inscription of the Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests in the World Heritage List and the Mijikenda traditions and practices on the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.

    Enhancing community and stakeholder participation for the management and conservation of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney and its wider landscape

    The solution focuses on the management arrangements for the World Heritage property of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney and the recognition of the need to enhance community and stakeholder engagement. The site plays an important role in shaping the identity of Orcadians and over the years it has become a major element in supporting the local economy of the archipelago as a key driver for tourism to Orkney. The protection of the natural and cultural features of the place and its role in the development of tourism and business opportunities on the island has called for cooperation between agencies, local government and charities as well as for the enhanced involvement of local communities and businesses for the development of an effective management strategy for the conservation of Orkney. The key actors in this solutions are Historic Environment Scotland, Orkney Islands Council, NatureScot (former SNH), the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, and Highlands and Islands Enterprise .

    Protección de la biodiversidad y fomento de iniciativas de conservación a través de la creación del Parque y de la mobilización de la sociedad civil

    El Parque Natural Municipal Bañado de Emperatriz y Jardín Botánico de San Leopoldo son áreas de inmenso valor ecosistémico y de gran biodiversidad, además de constituir una enorme fuente de conocimiento científico e investigaciones.

    Esta zona ha estado bajo una gran presión generada por la ocupación precaria de varias familias, falta de educación y conciencia ambiental, presencia de residuos sólidos, actividades de caza y pesca furtiva de especies, incendios, problemas de índole biológico como invasión de especies exóticas, entre otras.

    Consciente de esta situación , la Secretaría Municipal de medio Ambiente, en conjunto con otros actores, ha logrado dar a la zona el status de “Parques Protegidos” tendiendo así a la recuperación del área poniendo el foco en el equilibrio y la mejora en la calidad de vida de la población local como así también en la protección y la preservación del medio ambiente.

    Laponiatjuottjudus: a participatory management system in the Laponian Area World Heritage, Sweden

    The Laponian Area was inscribed in 1996 in the World Heritage List under criteria (iii), (v), (vii), (viii) and (ix). It is composed of four national parks and two nature reserves containing two dominant landscape types: an eastern lowland comprising marshlands, hundreds of lakes, and mixed woodlands; and a western mountainous landscape with steep valleys and powerful rivers, which contains about 100 glaciers. This mosaic of protected areas is situated in Sápmi, region settled about 7,000-8,000 years ago, and used by Sámi people as summer-grazing areas for their reindeers for many generations, a culture which has shaped the landscape in a smooth way. In 2012, Laponiatjuottjudus was established to be in charge of the management of the property and the implementation of the management plan adopted in 2011, allowing an integrated management of cultural and natural values. This management board, composed in its majority by Sámi representatives, functions by consensus decision-making.

    Integrating religious and traditional stewardship in the management of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range World Heritage, Japan

    The Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes of the Kii Mountain Range in Japan were inscribed as a cultural landscape in the World Heritage List in 2004, under criteria (ii), (iii), (iv) and (vi). The inscribed property includes parts of the Yoshino-Kumano National Park, IUCN Protected Area Category II and core of the Mount Odaigahara, Mount Omine and Osugidani UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, and places of scenic beauty, historic sites, national treasures and natural monuments which are protected under the Japanese Law for the Protection of Cultural Property. It is composed of the cores of three of the most significant religions in Japan: Shintoism in Kumano-Sanzan, Shingon Buddhism in Koyasan and Shugendo in Yoshino and Omine, and the pilgrimage routes connecting them. The management of such a complex property where natural and cultural values and protection systems interrelate relies on its sacred value and the continuous stewardship of the religious and local communities present in the area.

    Managing the cultural landscape of Sceilg Mhichíl: connecting nature and culture in a multi-stakeholder management effort

    Sceilg Michíl is one of the world’s most spectacular example of early medieval extreme monastic sites located on the Great Skellig, a sandstone island raising 218m above the Atlantic Ocean. The site was inscribed on the World Heritage list in 1996. Additionally, the two Skelligs (Great and Litte Skellig) are also internationally recognised as Key Biodiversity Areas as one of the most important breeding grounds for seabirds.

    The management of this place requires an integrated nature-culture approach taking into consideration both the rich natural and cultural values of the place.

    The island is managed on the basis of the wider recognition of its multiple values (natural, cultural, social and economic) and access to the island is regulated to ensure the protection and conservation of the place’s natural and cultural values. This is put in place through a system of inter-agency cooperation and constant consultation with local actors and communities living on the Iveragh Peninsula.

    Valuing the interlinkages between nature and culture in the planning and management of Pimachiowin Aki World Heritage Site, Canada

    Pimachiowin Aki (the Land That Gives Life) was inscribed in 2018 on the World Heritage List as Mixed Cultural and Natural Heritage under criteria (iii), (vi) and (ix). Composed of Atikaki Provincial Park, Woodland Caribou Provincial Park, the Eagle-Snowshoe Conservation Reserve, and four First Nations’ Traditional Use Planning Areas, Pimachiowin Aki, is an exceptional example of the global boreal biome and a cultural landscape that provides testimony to the tradition of Ji-ganawendamang Gidakiiminaan (Keeping the Land). Anishinaabe First Nations signed an Accord in 2002 to protect and care for ancestral lands and way of life, and to seek inscription of a World Heritage site. In 2006, First Nations and provincial governments created the Pimachiowin Aki Corporation, a not-for-profit charitable organization to prepare the nomination and develop a management plan according to principles of mutual respect and collaboration.

    Identification of visions for protected area management and quantification of their consequences in Utrechtse Heuvelrug and Kromme Rijn (Netherlands)

    The Kromme Rijn area is a dynamic cultural landscape, shaped by multiple uses and different elements of typical Dutch landscapes. Utrechtse Heuvelrug National Park within this landscape includes important forest areas and biodiversity values, but is also of historical and recreational significance. The region needs to be multifunctional given the dense population and many expectations towards the landscape, but different use interests are not always compatible.

     

    In order to develop new solutions, identify new directions for policy and help society move towards synergetic options, an „inclusive conservation“ approach is being applied. As a first step, different visions for the use and development of the landscape have been identified through stakeholder interviews. These will provide the basis for modelling the consequences of these different stakeholder vision. Finally, stakeholders will discuss the visions and their consequences, deciding on a joint vision and pathways towards it.

    Managing ghost fishing in the Colombian Pacific with a community-based strategy

    Fishing gear used around the world is sometimes abandoned, lost, or discarded at sea. It impacts marine life and the livelihoods of coastal communities that rely on healthy oceans and is called “ghost fishing gear”.

     

    The communities from the Gulf of Tribugá understand this problem and are collaborating with ECOMARES in the participatory design of a management strategy to prevent, mitigate, and remediate the damages caused by ghost fishing gear on biodiversity.

     

    Fishers are identifying simple but effective measures to prevent or mitigate the loss of fishing gear. A local group is using diving as a tool to maintain rocky reefs and mangroves free from ghost fishing gear.

     

    After cleaning events, the big challenge is to recycle the materials retrieved, and we are making progress thanks to the sum of efforts by different stakeholders, institutions, and project allies.

     

    Improving communication between fishers and divers is another challenge.

  • 3.4.5. Осуществление мониторинга и оценки успехов охраняемых и сохраняемых природных территорий в сохранении видов.
    Indigenous and local knowledge holders
    Regional organisations
    Fishers’ Associations
    Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
    IUCN

    Primary tools and resources

    Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT4)

    METT was one of the first tools developed under the IUCN WCPA Framework for protected area management effectiveness (PAME). Several versions and many adaptations have been produced, reflecting lessons learned. By 2016 the METT had been applied in 127 countries. METT-4 is presented in Excel format to aid implementation and compilation of results. The METT Handbook covers management effectiveness, advice on best use of the METT, case studies, and links to improving the quality of METT assessments using SMART, and using the site-level assessment of governance and equity (SAGE) tool.

    How to use

    • For further information and to download the handbook:
    • https://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/202112/management-effectiveness-tracking-tool-mett-new-edition-mett-handbook-launched
    • To view two IUCN webinars on the METT on YouTube: Introduction to the METT-4 and Using the new METT-4.c: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1sfXLfLldk
    • For news and updates on METT see the METT support group on Facebook.

    IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas Standard

    A protected or conserved area that reaches the IUCN Green List Standard is certified and recognised as achieving ongoing results for people and nature in a fair and effective way. A site that gains ‘Green List’ status demonstrates: Respect: for the local community through fair and meaningful engagement of rights-holders and stakeholders; Design: planning that identifies the needs to secure  the important values of the area; Effective management: monitoring of the status of these important values; Successful conservation results: for nature and for people; Clear contribution: to climate change responses, health and well-being and other challenges. The seventeen criteria collectively describe the efforts needed to fully achieve the global Sustainability Standard and all must be achieved for a site to be green-listed. The indicators can be adapted to suit the local context. Any site can join, and work towards achieving verified success, and then attain the Standard or further improve.

    Other tools and resources

    Integrated Management Effectiveness Tool (IMET)

    IMET is a Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME) tool that allows an in-depth assessment of marine and terrestrial protected areas, regardless of their management categories and governance type. It is also a decision support tool that helps protected area managers take analysis-based management decisions for improved conservation outcomes. 

    The CA|TS Report 2022: 10 years of Conservation Assured Tiger Standards

    Conservation Assured | Tiger Standards (CA|TS) started with a simple aim – tocontribute to the many efforts around the world to secure wild tigers. But such tasks are never so simple to implement. Developing CA|TS over the last ten years has involved a huge collaborative effort in standard setting, advocacy, software development, training, fundraising and much more. For the sites and people involved it has represented a major commitment in supporting national systems to implement CA|TS.

    This report tells the story of the CA|TS journey from an idea to a global partnership of countries, sites, experts and conservation organisations implementing this mission across the tiger range.

    Solutions and case studies

    Application numérique de veille nature

    The Essonne Departmental Council manages natural sites with high flora and fauna stakes, several of which are developed and open to the public.
    In order to guarantee a quality reception on these sites, the Department has developed, in 2017 with the start-up E Citiz, an original mobile application “Veille nature 91”.
    This application, accessible from the stores (Apple, Android), can be downloaded free of charge and used by all users (Department staff, walkers, fishermen, naturalists, etc.) of the Department’s natural areas and hiking trails.
     In just 3 clicks, anyone can thus report an anomaly observed on a natural site, and allow the Conservatoire des Espaces Naturels Sensibles to take note of it, almost in real time.
    These observations can concern a wide variety of themes such as wild deposits and other incivilities (tags, deliberate damage, etc.), safety issues (threatening trees, dangerous equipment, maintenance faults, etc.), etc…
     

    The National Marine Sanctuaries Visitor Counting Process: A Process to Inform Marine Protected Area Management & Community Development

    Through the National Marine Sanctuaries Visitor Counting Process (NMS-COUNT), marine protected area (MPA) resource managers gain valid and reliable data and methods to advance predictive capability and understanding of visitors. The NMS-COUNT process is an iterative framework that allows local management and stakeholders to add knowledge of visitor use at an NMS unit through each phase.
    Building off the US Interagency Visitor Monitoring Framework, NMS-COUNT facilitates local input on visitation and communication with managers and researchers to develop and implement the most efficient methodology. Understanding visitor use can help MPA managers create better policies, leading to more satisfied visitors and healthier coastal ecosystems. Visitation data helps to efficiently maintain and manage local ecological, economic and social resources. NMS-COUNT helps resource managers adhere to limits of resilience within MPAs, leading to sustainable use and maintenance for future generations.

    Assessment of individual PAs’ contribution to environmental conventions

    Through a 10-step system, the Convention-Check method applies a bottom-up approach to assess the contribution of large-scale protected areas to the implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), allowing to overcome deadlocks in MEA implementation, contributing to improved global PA governance. The Convention Check was carried out in Thaya Valley National Park, Austria, demonstrating that the park contributes significantly to implementation of 5 MEAs.

    MARE – Marine Adventures Respecting the Environment

    Project MARE is a unique experience created with the aim to help marine conservation programs and promote culture. The  project was born to support the conservation activities of the Marine Protected Area (MPA) Punta Campanella, thanks to the involvement of volunteer activists from all over Europe and beyond, who have been working constantly for 9 months, at defining and practicing sustainable initiatives to be carried out in contact with nature.

    Since 2013, the MPA of Punta Campanella has hosted international volunteers, funded by the European Commission through the Erasmus+ program, and since 2019, through the European Solidarity Corps program (ESC) that supports the management activities of the MPA’s operators. Volunteers collaborate for a medium term period (from March to December). A group of volunteers do different activities throughout the project: sea and land monitoring; environmental education laboratories; the promotion of environmental awareness and also underwater research. 

     

    Closing the gap between strategic and operational planning for protected areas

    The prospect of securing long-term co-financing from Prespa Ohrid Nature Trust (PONT) has propelled the Protected Area (PA) management authorities in the Wider Prespa Area in Albania and North Macedonia to overhaul planning and implementation of their core operations. They are now regularly using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) as a decision-support tool to achieve more transparent, evidence-based, and adaptive management, tied to the annual management cycle. The findings and results of the METT assessment inform the development of the operational plans using a template developed by PONT. PONT’s co-financing enables PA managers recruit new staff and deploy adequate resources to sustain the core management functions over the long-term, such as biodiversity monitoring, environmental education or visitor management that were often neglected in the past or contingent on projects or other forms of intermittent external support.

Primary tools and resources

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Universal Ranger Support Alliance (URSA)

A coalition of conservation organisations supporting and promoting the International Ranger Federation to build a network of well-supported, professional, and capable rangers, who can act effectively as custodians of the natural world. It has produced numerous guidelines and standards of relevance to professionalizing the ranger work-force, including a Code of Conduct, ranger competences, and a document on how rangers support delivery of 30×30. There are 8 organizations URSA can be linked with (for filtering purposes).

Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity. is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It is a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Nagoya Protocol sets out core obligations for its contracting Parties to take measures in relation to access to genetic resources, benefit-sharing and compliance. The Nagoya Protocol addresses traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources with provisions on access, benefit-sharing, and compliance. It also addresses genetic resources where indigenous and local communities have the established right to grant access to them. Contracting Parties should take measures to ensure these communities’ free, prior, informed consent, keeping in mind community laws and procedures as well as customary use and exchange. The Nagoya Protocol entered into force on 12 October 2014.

How to use

The Nagoya Protocol is available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian at: https://www.cbd.int/abs

Nagoya Protocol Factsheets on access and benefit sharing can be downloaded at: https://www.cbd.int/abs/factsheet

Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT4)

METT was one of the first tools developed under the IUCN WCPA Framework for protected area management effectiveness (PAME). Several versions and many adaptations have been produced, reflecting lessons learned. By 2016 the METT had been applied in 127 countries. METT-4 is presented in Excel format to aid implementation and compilation of results. The METT Handbook covers management effectiveness, advice on best use of the METT, case studies, and links to improving the quality of METT assessments using SMART, and using the site-level assessment of governance and equity (SAGE) tool.

How to use

  • For further information and to download the handbook:
  • https://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/202112/management-effectiveness-tracking-tool-mett-new-edition-mett-handbook-launched
  • To view two IUCN webinars on the METT on YouTube: Introduction to the METT-4 and Using the new METT-4.c: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1sfXLfLldk
  • For news and updates on METT see the METT support group on Facebook.

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

The Declaration is a comprehensive instrument detailing the rights of indigenous peoples in international law and policy. It establishes a universal framework of minimum standards for the survival, dignity, wellbeing and rights of the world’s indigenous peoples.

The Declaration addresses both individual and collective rights; cultural rights and identity; rights to education, health, employment, language, and others. It outlaws discrimination against indigenous peoples and promotes their full and effective participation in all matters that concern them.

It also ensures their right to remain distinct and to pursue their own priorities in economic, social and cultural development. The Declaration explicitly encourages harmonious and cooperative relations between States and indigenous peoples.

IUCN Standard on Indigenous Peoples

The Standard represents IUCN’s policy objectives with respect to indigenous peoples. It contains eight policy objectives for projects undertaken or supported by IUCN to support indigenous peoples and promote their role in conservation and management of sustainable resources.

The purpose of this Standard is to ensure that IUCN projects anticipate and avoid negative impacts on indigenous peoples or to minimise and/or compensate for impacts; take all rights and needs of indigenous peoples fully into account in project planning and implementation; and ensure that their customs, cultural and spiritual values, and perspectives on the environment are included.

 

SMART monitoring

The SMART platform consists of a set of software and analysis tools designed to help conservationists manage and protect wildlife and wild places. SMART can help standardize and streamline data collection, analysis, and reporting, making it easier for key information to get from the field to decision-makers.

SMART supports a broad range of conservation management activities, including biodiversity conservation, law enforcement, tourism and visitor management, natural resources use, intelligence, and performance and threat level assessments.

Our approach covers three areas: cutting-edge technology, building conservation capacity, and empowering a global network of SMART conservation practitioners. The SMART Approach is supported by a unique, long-term alliance of leading conservation organizations, offering powerful applications in conservation practice to ensure the survival of the Earth’s biodiversity for generations to come.

International Ranger Federation Code of Conduct

The mission of the International Ranger Foundation is ‘To develop, advance and promote throughout the world community, the Ranger profession, and its critical role in the conservation of natural and working cultural resources’. The IRF Code of Conduct provides a common definition for a ranger and templates for ranger values and codes of conduct and is available in several languages. The aim is for rangers to uphold the values and commit to the Code of Conduct.

The CBD Programme of Work on Protected Areas

This programme of work contains four interlined, cross-cutting elements and 16 programme goals. It is intended to assist Parties in establishing national programmes of work with targeted goals, actions, specific actors, time frame, inputs and measurable outputs. Parties may select from, adapt, and/or add to the activities suggested in the current programme of work according to national and local conditions and their level of development.

IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas Standard

A protected or conserved area that reaches the IUCN Green List Standard is certified and recognised as achieving ongoing results for people and nature in a fair and effective way. A site that gains ‘Green List’ status demonstrates: Respect: for the local community through fair and meaningful engagement of rights-holders and stakeholders; Design: planning that identifies the needs to secure  the important values of the area; Effective management: monitoring of the status of these important values; Successful conservation results: for nature and for people; Clear contribution: to climate change responses, health and well-being and other challenges. The seventeen criteria collectively describe the efforts needed to fully achieve the global Sustainability Standard and all must be achieved for a site to be green-listed. The indicators can be adapted to suit the local context. Any site can join, and work towards achieving verified success, and then attain the Standard or further improve.

2016

A global register of competences for protected area practitioners

As the global coverage of protected areas increases, it is becoming more important to ensure that today's managers have the necessary qualifications and skills to effectively manage protected areas. This publication defines all the possible skills, knowledge and personal qualities required by people working in protected areas around the world. It is an ideal reference and starting point for managers and human resource professionals to plan and manage staffing of protected areas, for educators to identify and meet capacity needs, and for individuals to assess and develop their own skills. 

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Other tools and resources

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2019

Restauración ecológica en la Zona de Amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul

El proyecto Restauración Cordillera Azul viene impulsando procesos de restauración ecológica en los poblados de San Juan y Lejía en la región San Martín desde el 2018, en 50 hectáreas que conectan con un paisaje de 500 ha, en la Zona de Amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul (PNCAZ). Para ello CIMA (organización que ejecuta el contrato de administración del PNCAZ) ha suscrito un convenio de cooperación entre la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, el caserío de San Juan y el centro poblado de Lejía. Las comunidades tienen Acuerdos Azules de colaboración, como estrategia participativa de planificación territorial y de los Planes de Calidad de Vida.

2021

Integración de la mayordomía religiosa y tradicional en la gestión del Patrimonio Mundial de los Sitios Sagrados y Rutas de Peregrinación en las Montañas Kii, Japón

Los Sitios Sagrados y Rutas de Peregrinación de las Montañas Kii fueron inscritos en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial en 2004, bajo los criterios (ii), (iii), (iv) y (vi). El bien incluye partes del Parque Nacional Yoshino-Kumano y el núcleo de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la UNESCO Monte Odaigahara, Monte Omine y Osugidani, y Lugares de belleza escénica, Sitios históricos, Tesoros nacionales y Monumentos naturales que están protegidos por la Ley para la protección de los bienes culturales. El bien está compuesto por los núcleos de 3 de las religiones más importantes de Japón: el sintoísmo en Kumano-Sanzan, el budismo Shingon en Koyasan y Shugendo en Yoshino y Omine, y las rutas de peregrinación que las conectan. La gestión de un bien tan complejo donde los valores naturales y culturales y los sistemas de protección se interrelacionan se basa en su valor sagrado y la administración continua de las comunidades religiosas y locales presentes en el área.

2021

Laponiatjuottjudus: un sistema de gestión participativo en el Área de Laponia Patrimonio Mundial, Suecia

El Área de Laponia fue inscrita en 1996 en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial según los criterios (iii), (v), (vii), (viii) y (ix). Está compuesta por 4 parques nacionales y 2 reservas naturales que contienen dos tipos de paisajes dominantes: una llanura oriental que comprende marismas, cientos de lagos y bosques mixtos; y un paisaje montañoso occidental con valles escarpados y ríos poderosos, que contiene alrededor de 100 glaciares. Este mosaico de áreas protegidas está situado en Sápmi, región asentada hace unos 7.000-8.000 años, y utilizada por muchas generaciones por los Sámi como áreas de pastoreo de verano para sus renos, una cultura que ha dado forma al paisaje suavemente. En 2012, Laponiatjuottjudus se constituyó para encargarse de la administración del bien y la implementación del plan de gestión adoptado en 2011. Este consejo de administración, compuesto en su mayoría por representantes Sámi, funciona mediante la toma de decisiones por consenso.

2021

Conservación de la Microcuenca San Pablo: una historia de éxito de gobernanza compartida entre municipio y población local

La microcuenca de San Pablo, como bosque protector de nacimientos de agua, constituye una zona estratégica para el Municipio, el cual ha debido arbitrar medios necesarios para su protección a raíz de un nuevo escenario de producción: el cultivo de aguacate y sus consecuencias ambientales como la contaminación hídrica por los pesticidas y fertilizantes utilizados, la disminución de vegetación y bosques y la consecuente pérdida de conectividad ecológica con las demás microcuencas.
Entre las principales acciones de conservación implementadas se encuentran el aislamiento de los sitios de recarga hídrica para el control de daños por ingreso de ganado, la reforestación con especies nativas y la firma de acuerdos entre cultivadores de aguacate e instituciones del Estado en todos sus niveles, a fin de  reducir la presión sobre el recurso hídrico.

2021

Manejo de páramos y bosques de neblina: una experiencia exitosa de gestión municipal y comunitaria en el Perú

En el Área de Conservación Ambiental (ACA) “Páramos y Bosques Nublados de Cachiaco y San Pablo -Pacaipampa”, el manejo del área es respaldado por las poblaciones locales, con el interés de asegurar la conservación y el buen uso de los recursos naturales de la zona, principalmente del recurso hídrico. Los acuerdos entre la comunidad se gestionan a través de asambleas con la finalidad de disminuir la presión sobre el bosque y páramo. A su vez, se promueven actividades productivas sostenibles para apoyar a las familias cercanas al ACA y mejorar su calidad, dinamizando la inversión pública, privada y de cooperación para lo cual se ha trabajado y validado de manera articulada con los diversos actores relacionados al ACA, un plan de gestión para un desarrollo ordenado en un corto, mediano y largo plazo.

2021

Manglares de San Pedro de Vice: Un referente en gestión de humedales en el Perú.

El Manglar de San Pedro de Vice es un tipo único de bosque tropical que cuenta con especies de flora y fauna protegidas a nivel nacional e internacional y representa un espacio de refugio y alimentación para la migración de aves, reproducción y crecimiento de invertebrados y ecosistema de algarrobal.

En el año 2008, el Manglar de San Pedro fue designado el 13° Sitio RAMSAR del Perú. Con este antecedente, en el año 2013, se inicia el Proyecto Piloto sobre la Administración Local a través de la formación de un Comité de Gestión Participativa. Dicho Comité tiene el propósito de velar por la conservación del manglar con base en el diseño de herramientas de gestión, convirtiéndose en una de las pioneras en el manejo de humedales en el país.

2021

APA – Serra do Guararu

Este proyecto pone el foco en preservar los ecosistemas naturales de esa región, proteger especies endémicas, incentivar investigaciones científicas, conservar la cobertura del suelo, los servicios ambientales, el patrimonio ambiental, cultural, fomentar el turismo sustentable. Estas herramientas vienen a intentar contrarrestrar los efectos de problemas existentes y actuales tales como: Convencer al poder público y a la comunidad de la importancia de preservar los antes mencionados y establecer un área protegida- APA-, la situación ameritaba un imperioso y urgente plan de creación de APA a efectos de evitar ocupaciones clandestinas y establecimiento de redes criminales, deforestación ilegal, caza predatoria, contaminación y deterioro ambiental.

Ante este panorama de diversos y difusos problemas es que este proyecto ha tomado una enorme relevancia como un caso realmente exitoso, y pasible de ser replicado en otras zonas.

2020

Participación comunitaria en el diseño del Programa de Manejo del Parque Nacional Bahía de Loreto

Hablar del uso de sus recursos naturales, es hablar desde las culturas prehispánicas, quienes lograron armonizar el aprovechamiento de los recursos marinos y terrestres con sus necesidades. En la actualidad, directa o indirectamente, la comunidad loretana vive del Parque Nacional. Los usuarios, conscientes de ello, impulsaron su creación en 1996. La modificación del segundo Programa de Manejo en 2019, fue a través de un amplio proceso de participación activa de los diferentes sectores: pescadores, prestadores de servicios turísticos, instituciones de gobierno, académicos, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y público en general. Las opiniones y sugerencias obtenidas en mesas de trabajo, fueron incorporadas a su Programa. Este documento se diseñó en colaboración con los diferentes sectores involucrados y con la población, estableciendo las actividades permitidos y no permitidas, a través de una zonificación. Los usuarios son quienes propusieron al gobierno nuevas reglas de uso.

2020

CORCOPA – Optimized Conservation of Europa’s Coral Reefs using Ecoacoustics

The coral reef around Europa island is one of the world’s rare reefs that remain in a near pristine condition. Its conservation is both a priority and a logistic challenge due to its remoteness. The frequency of visual surveys (a snapshot every 3 to 5 years) is insufficient to support its effective management. Indeed, accelerating effects of climate change and temporal dynamics of reef populations require frequent monitoring. Moreover, visual surveys are expensive and provide only partial information.

In April 2018, we installed an autonomous acoustic monitoring station on Europa’s reef at 12 m depth. A hydrophone continuously records the soundscape. Data are transmitted to a terrestrial station, providing a near real-time information about the state of the ecosystem. To understand how variations in soundscape relate to ecosystem state, ecoacoustic indices were determined by coupling acoustic and visual surveys (videos for fishes, 3D modelling for habitat) on 9 sites around the island.

2020

Ciudades Resilientes: Área Protegida Urbana de la Universidad de Buenos Aires

Durante los años 60 se desarrollaron muchos vertederos en el Río de la Plata, Argentina. Estas acciones crearon un nuevo ecosistema de origen antropogénico.

En 1985, un movimiento estudiantil comenzó a trabajar para proteger este sitio que se conocía como La Reserva Biológica y Parque para la Difusión de la Ciencia.

La reserva fue el primer área urbana de Buenos Aires. Con el apoyo de las autoridades, comenzó un trabajo de tres décadas, y en 2011 el lugar fue designado por ley como un área urbana protegida llamada Ciudad Universitaria, Reserva Ecológica.

Este sitio juega un papel esencial en la universidad y la ciudad de Buenos Aires, brindando servicios ambientales estratégicos para la salud humana. Es un excelente ejemplo de cómo los parques urbanos son esenciales para el bienestar de las personas que viven en las ciudades.

2021

Combat des feux de forêt dans la région du volcan Tacaná

La Réserve de biosphère du volcan Tacaná, située aux confins du Mexique et du Guatemala, constitue une grande richesse biologique et culturelle. La région est le berceau de la culture des Mames. S’ajoute à ce patrimoine culturel une incroyable biodiversité d’espèces endémiques menacées cependant par les activités humaines, principalement le feu de forêt. En effet, chaque année, des hectares entiers de forêt sont détruits par des incendies volontaires. Les gardiens de parc de la CONANP [Commission nationale des aires naturelles protégées du Mexique] dispensent une formation sur le combat des feux de forêt à des brigades de volontaires au sein des communautés de la région.

2020

Programme de #GuardaparquesVoluntarios – une stratégie de collaboration et de conservation de la nature

La Asociación Defensores del Chaco Pyporé (l’association défenseurs du Chaco Pyporé), au Paraguay, œuvre dans le domaine de la conservation des zones sauvages protégées et de la responsabilisation de la jeunesse au Paraguay. Une partie de son travail consiste à diriger l’initiative Voluntaria de Guardaparques (gardiens de parc bénévoles) et la campagne #SoyGuardaparque (je suis gardien de parc).

L’objectif principal de l’initiative consiste à reconnaître le travail des héros de la conservation et à impliquer la société civile dans la conservation de la nature en insistant sur la jeunesse.

Cette initiative a été créée en 2017 et, à ce jour, a réuni un total de 200 gardiens de parc bénévoles.

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Solutions and case studies

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Schéma d'intervention opérationnel de l'espace naturel du Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin – Guadeloupe

La baie du Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin est un espace remarquable qui concentre divers enjeux socio économiques, culturels, biogéographiques et écologiques. C’est l’un des sites les plus suivis de Guadeloupe (site Ramsar en 1993, réserve de Biosphère en 1994, une partie classée en réserve naturelle nationale en 1987 puis intégrée dans le coeur marin du parc national de la Guadeloupe en 2009). Malgré ces dispositions, il subit des conflits d’usages, un manque de rigueur dans l’application des règles et une valorisation désordonnée. La charte du territoire du Parc national de la Guadeloupe propose une gouvernance partagée des territoires du parc. C’est pourquoi, les 2 principaux gestionnaires, le Conservatoire du littoral et le Parc national de la Guadeloupe ont élaboré une stratégie de gestion durable de la fréquentation, accompagnée de propositions concrètes d’actions, permettant de mieux répartir les activités en fonction de la sensibilité des milieux et de la potentialité des sites. 

Un modèle de stratégie de surveillance du Parc National Isalo par les comités locaux du Parc (CLP)

La surveillance du parc par les comités locaux du parc fait partie des stratégies de cogestion du réseau d’Aires Protégées gérées par Madagascar National Parks. Il s’agit d’une approche de cogestion collaborative en intégrant les comités villageois à la place des agents du Parc  pour la surveillance de ce parc.Un contrat de surveillance est à établir avec chaque comité local de parc. La surface de l’Aire protégée surveillée annuellement par le Comité local du Parc(CLP)  est comptabilisée sur la base de nombre de carreaux objets de patrouilles.

Pour ce faire, le comité local du parc :

  • est doté de matériels et équipements convenables et à temps (GPS, uniforme,….)
  • assure la sensibilisation et la collecte des informations indispensables
  • assure le relai d’information lié aux pressions et le rapport auprès de la Direction du parc
  • contribue à la sécurité des visiteurs du parc

Gouvernance participative des aires marines protégées du Sénégal

La gouvernance participative est une nouvelle expérience développée par le Sénégal dans le processus d’organisation, de mise en place et de gestion de son réseau d’aires marines protégées. Cette démarche permet de mieux concrétiser ses engagements par rapport aux conventions internationales auxquelles il a souscrit telle la convention sur la biodiversité adopter en 1994 et de passer d’un modèle de gestion régalienne à un processus participatif lui permettant de transférer ses compétences aux collectivités territoriales pour la gouvernance de leurs ressources naturelles. C’est un processus itératif et participatif encouragé et accompagné par l’Etat pour permettre aux communautés locales porteuses d’initiatives, de créer et gérer des aires protégées comme outil de gestion durable des ressources naturelles et de partage juste et équitable des retombées.

Etude cartographique des herbiers de Posidonie de la Réserve Naturelle Marine de Cerbère-Banyuls

Le gestionnaire de la Réserve Naturelle Marine de Cerbère-Banyuls avait pour objectif la mise à jour de la cartographie des herbiers de Posidonie, une espèce protégée identifiée comme habitat prioritaire. Ce suivi à long terme, prévu dans le plan de gestion de la Réserve en 2018 a permis d’évaluer l’état de conservation des herbiers en y intégrant de nouvelles technologies mais également de compléter les lacunes observées dans les cartographies de petits fonds côtiers.

L’intégration de ces nouvelles technologies était essentielle pour obtenir des cartographies fines de nos habitats et pouvoir les comparer sur le long terme.

La reconduction de cette étude était nécessaire pour pouvoir déceler un potentiel impact sur l’habitat et proposer des mesures de gestion. La réalisation de cette cartographie fine a permis de mesurer l’évolution des herbiers de la Réserve et d’anticiper les pressions sur ce milieu par la réalisation d’aménagements et outils adaptés.

Hiérarchisation de la responsabilité patrimoniale

Dans le cadre du plan de gestion du domaine de la Tour du Valat, une méthode de hiérarchisation de la responsabilité patrimoniale a été définie.

Elle se base sur 6 critères :

  • Valeur patrimoniale (sur la base des textes / lois) : notation de 0 à 4 (intérêt faible / régional / national / européen / mondial)
  • Représentativité de la population du site : notation de 0 à 4.
  • Etat de conservation de la population globale : notation de 0 à 2 (présumé favorable / défavorable inadéquate / mauvais).
  • Etat de conservation sur le site : notation de 0 à 2.
  • Irréversibilité : notation de 0 à 3 (nulle, faible, moyenne, forte). Equivaut à la probabilité de retrouver l’élément du patrimoine naturel après disparition.
  • Importance de la Camargue (site fonctionnel) pour la conservation de l’espèce / habitat : notation de 0 à 3.

Ces critères une fois notés sont croisés selon une grille prédéfinie et permettent d’évaluer le niveau de responsabilité du site pour l’espèce ou l’habitat concerné.

Intégrer les cultivateurs de Vanille dans la conservation de la biodiversité des forêts tropicales

L’ONF a associé les cultivateurs de Vanille en sous-bois (+ de 200 à St Philippe) à la restauration écologique de certaines parcelles forestières très envahies situées en Réserve Biologique, en leur attribuant des concessions. Les concessionnaires ont réalisé un important travail de lutte contre les plantes invasives (en particulier contre Schinus et Psidium), tout en conservant les arbres indigènes pour servir de tuteurs à la Vanille. Les autres espèces indigènes sont aussi conservées et la disparition des espèces invasives a favorisé leur retour dans le sous-bois (fougères en particulier). Dans ces parcelles concédées, les espèces indigènes dominent à nouveau le couvert forestier, tout en permettant une production de Vanille en sous-bois. Ce dernier fait l’objet d’un entretien par le concessionnaire, qui est régi par un cahier des charges et contrôlé par les agents de l’ONF. Ce dispositif permet le contrôle des invasives telles que Clidemia hirta et limite leur invasion dans les reliques avoisinantes bien conservées.

Réglementation de la circulation des jet Ski pour la protection d’un groupe côtier de grands dauphins

Le conseil de gestion du parc naturel marin d’Iroise a souhaité interdire la pratique du Jet ski dans les secteurs sensibles de l’Iroise qui abritent un groupe côtier de grands dauphins (Tursiops truncatus). Il a proposé cette solution à l’Etat afin de protéger le domaine vital de cette espèce très sensible aux dérangements et aux nuisances sonores occasionnées par ce type d’engin.

L’activité est désormais réglementée  par un arrêté du préfet maritime de l’Atlantique et interdite dans le domaine vital des grands dauphins côtiers. Cette décision est depuis attaquée devant les tribunaux compétents, les arguments scentifiques collectés par les équipes du Parc naturel marin sont utilisés pour défendre cette mesure indispensable à la protection des cétacés.

Application numérique de veille nature

The Essonne Departmental Council manages natural sites with high flora and fauna stakes, several of which are developed and open to the public.
In order to guarantee a quality reception on these sites, the Department has developed, in 2017 with the start-up E Citiz, an original mobile application “Veille nature 91”.
This application, accessible from the stores (Apple, Android), can be downloaded free of charge and used by all users (Department staff, walkers, fishermen, naturalists, etc.) of the Department’s natural areas and hiking trails.
 In just 3 clicks, anyone can thus report an anomaly observed on a natural site, and allow the Conservatoire des Espaces Naturels Sensibles to take note of it, almost in real time.
These observations can concern a wide variety of themes such as wild deposits and other incivilities (tags, deliberate damage, etc.), safety issues (threatening trees, dangerous equipment, maintenance faults, etc.), etc…
 

Valuing Italy’s marine environment: connecting interests for conservation

Worldrise, an Italian NGO founded and run by young professionals, has designed and developed the Full Immersion Cinque Terre project to encourage the appreciation of the Cinque Terre MPA environmental values while empowering professionally marine science students. The project, entirely coordinated by Worldrise, established a partnership between the MPA management authority, the diving centres that operate in the MPA and the University of Genova.

Implementation of EbA measures in the Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve

A pilot was implemented to underpin the incorporation of an EbA approach into the planning tools for natural protected areas. The necessary methodologies and tools were developed, the vulnerability assessment was completed, the specific areas and the measures to be implemented were identified, including the communal management of native grasslands, vicuñas management (a wild relative of the llama), the expansion and conservation of wetlands and the restoration of water infrastructure.

Palau’s Protected Areas Network Act

The solution establishes a nationwide framework that empowers communities to designate and manage marine and terrestrial protected areas in cooperation with partners. It provides standards, criteria, application processes, and technical and financial assistance for management and monitoring of sites.

The Great Barrier Reef Strategic Assessment

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is an amazing natural treasure and one of the most precious ecosystems on Earth. In light of increasing pressures, and concerns raised by the World Heritage Committee on the impacts of development, the GBRMPA and other government agencies undertook a comprehensive strategic assessment, taking a look at the Reef’s values, the threats to those values and what is needed to manage and protect them.

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Actors

Правительства

National management agencies

Частный сектор и финансовые учреждения

Private sector engaged in conservation efforts

Гражданское общество

Fishers’ Associations

Коренные народы и местные сообщества

Indigenous and local knowledge holders

Академические и научно-исследовательские учреждения

Региональные организации

Regional organisations

Организации ООН / межправительственные организации, связанные с биоразнообразием конвенции и соглашения:

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

МСОП

IUCN

Technologies

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Internet of Things (IoT)

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

Metaverse

Gamification

Decentralised Applications (DApps)

Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs)

Blockchain and Smart Contracts

Acoustic Monitoring

Camera Traps

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Seed Partners

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GSAP SKILLS

Global Species Action Plan – Species Conservation Knowledge, Information, Learning, Leverage and Sharing Online Knowledge Platform

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