12.1. Управление зелеными и голубыми пространствами в целях максимального увеличения их ценности для видов и обеспечения связности
Subactions
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12.1.1. Включение вопросов сохранения местных видов и восстановления мест обитания в проекты городского планирования и озеленения.
Other tools and resources
Carne del Monte fomenta la ganadería sustentable en México
Neek ’Capital es un company builder que nació en el 2017 con la misión de crear compañías mexicanas nuevas con potencial de crecimiento, dedicadas a la implementación del uso sustentable de la energía, el agua, los sistemas alimenticios y la biodiversidad a grande escala. El objetivo era crear empresas destinadas a resolver los desafíos planteados por el uso sustentable de los recursos naturales en un mundo con restricciones climáticas.
A través de nuestras operaciones de producción, procesamiento y comercialización, buscamos la regeneración del campo como fuente sustentable de proteína animal de alta calidad e invertir directamente en la restauración de la selva Yucateca.
Buscamos ser un ejemplo de sustentabilidad mediante el uso de sistemas productivos regenerativos que se mantengan en el largo plazo, mejorando así los ingresos de los productores y la calidad agroecológica de sus ranchos ganaderos.
Restauración ecológica en la Zona de Amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul
El proyecto Restauración Cordillera Azul viene impulsando procesos de restauración ecológica en los poblados de San Juan y Lejía en la región San Martín desde el 2018, en 50 hectáreas que conectan con un paisaje de 500 ha, en la Zona de Amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul (PNCAZ). Para ello CIMA (organización que ejecuta el contrato de administración del PNCAZ) ha suscrito un convenio de cooperación entre la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, el caserío de San Juan y el centro poblado de Lejía. Las comunidades tienen Acuerdos Azules de colaboración, como estrategia participativa de planificación territorial y de los Planes de Calidad de Vida.
Ciudades Resilientes: Área Protegida Urbana de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Durante los años 60 se desarrollaron muchos vertederos en el Río de la Plata, Argentina. Estas acciones crearon un nuevo ecosistema de origen antropogénico.
En 1985, un movimiento estudiantil comenzó a trabajar para proteger este sitio que se conocía como La Reserva Biológica y Parque para la Difusión de la Ciencia.
La reserva fue el primer área urbana de Buenos Aires. Con el apoyo de las autoridades, comenzó un trabajo de tres décadas, y en 2011 el lugar fue designado por ley como un área urbana protegida llamada Ciudad Universitaria, Reserva Ecológica.
Este sitio juega un papel esencial en la universidad y la ciudad de Buenos Aires, brindando servicios ambientales estratégicos para la salud humana. Es un excelente ejemplo de cómo los parques urbanos son esenciales para el bienestar de las personas que viven en las ciudades.
Solutions and case studies
Compensation sur les mises en défens pour la régénération du Cèdre de l'Atlas
La régénération du Cèdre de l’Atlas est très sensible au parcours dû à l’élevage extensif, voir impossible. Il faut mettre la régénération en défens et compenser les éleveurs organisés en associations sur les superficies interdites au parcours. Dès lors, un texte législatif a vu le jour au sujet. On compense avec 250MAD/ha/an (bientôt 1000MAD), à financer par l’association sous forme d’actions de développement sur son Parc Pastoral en concertation avec le département des eaux et forêts.
Grace au Parc National d’Ifrane les éleveurs sont organisés actuellement en dix associations comprenant 1127 éleveurs qui perçoivent un montant global de 2053750MAD. La régénération du cèdre évolue alors de plus en plus. Un travail commun est entamé par des projets générateurs de revenus autour de l’écotourisme, l’aménagement des parcours, l’agroécologie, l’eau…etc avec l’implication des jeunes et des femmes, sachant que le but ultime est la régénération du cèdre et la conservation de son écosystème.
Intégrer les cultivateurs de Vanille dans la conservation de la biodiversité des forêts tropicales
L’ONF a associé les cultivateurs de Vanille en sous-bois (+ de 200 à St Philippe) à la restauration écologique de certaines parcelles forestières très envahies situées en Réserve Biologique, en leur attribuant des concessions. Les concessionnaires ont réalisé un important travail de lutte contre les plantes invasives (en particulier contre Schinus et Psidium), tout en conservant les arbres indigènes pour servir de tuteurs à la Vanille. Les autres espèces indigènes sont aussi conservées et la disparition des espèces invasives a favorisé leur retour dans le sous-bois (fougères en particulier). Dans ces parcelles concédées, les espèces indigènes dominent à nouveau le couvert forestier, tout en permettant une production de Vanille en sous-bois. Ce dernier fait l’objet d’un entretien par le concessionnaire, qui est régi par un cahier des charges et contrôlé par les agents de l’ONF. Ce dispositif permet le contrôle des invasives telles que Clidemia hirta et limite leur invasion dans les reliques avoisinantes bien conservées.
plantothèque médicinale école en Martinique
Nous avons réalisé un projet de planthotèque-école dans un espace de 4000 m² , situé en pleine zone urbaine de Fort-de-France (Quartier de Tivoli).
Ainsi, pendant douze mois, CCPYPM a sélectionné et planté 150 plantes médicinales et 20 espèces de plantes nutritives. Cette « plantothèque médicinale » permet aux visiteurs de s’informer sur les vertus des plantes grâce à des panneaux pédagogiques positionnés en face de chaque espèce. Les différentes espèces sont regroupées par indications thérapeutiques (ex: dermatologiques, gastro-intestinaux, nerveux, cardio-circulatoire, accessoire, respiratoire…) Un livre de plus de 300 pages a également été réalisé afin de regrouper les informations recueillies sur chaque plante (photo, description botanique, indications thérapeutiques, mode de préparation – source: TRAMIL, université Ribeiro Brésil…).
Enfin, 25 nouveaux référents ont été formés à la reconnaissance, l’entretien et l’utilisation des plantes médicinales.
Restauration des mangroves par les communautés locales
Dans le cadre d’un projet mené en 2017 par le Service Territorial de l’Environnement (STE) de Wallis et Futuna, avec le soutien financier du programme européen BEST 2.0, 2.5 hectares de mangroves ont été replantés. Le projet a impliqué les scolaires, les associations et les villages. Il a consisté à la construction de 6 pépinières dans différents villages de l’île par des associations, qui ont pu être accompagnées techniquement et financièrement.
Les associations locales ont été essentielles à la réalisation des principales activités. La Direction de l’Education Catholique (DEC) a également été l’une des principales parties prenantes concernant le volet sensibilisation. En effet, une étroite collaboration s’est nouée entre le STE et la DEC se traduisant par la réalisation d’un grand nombre de sorties scolaires et la réalisation de plantations par les élèves des écoles primaires. La chefferie est également une entité importante du projet, son aval étant indispensable pour réaliser ces actions.Murray Darling Basin Plan
Through a deliberate strategy of getting Parliament votes and media attention, the Murray Darling Basin Plan was passed through Federal Parliament in 2013. The Darling River is one of the largest in Australia and runs from north to south. The Darling River flows into the Murray River and had been reduced to a trickle at the mouth due to big ag’s water usage for irrigation. A consortium of community members spent 10 years getting this plan passed.
Better Alliances, Better Forests
Reforestamos México developed a solution that allows Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) located near big cities to become a center point that brings alliances, hands and financial resources together in order to plant trees in degraded forests, improve the livelihood of local communities and increase forest awareness among urban people, which derives in better private and public political will to develop initiatives for the benefit of protected and unprotected forests.
Pioneering Africa, Menongue Game Reserve, Angola
The project entailed establishing a game reserve on a vacant piece of land near the town of Menongue in the Cuando Cubango Province, Angola. Wildlife were extirpated during the civil war and only low densities of wildlife occur in remote areas. Jose Recio is an Angolan business man who wanted to germinate the eco-tourism industry in Angola.
New protocol to help industry generate a positive impact on biodiversity
Industries such as mining, forestry, and oil and gas have been trying for years to minimise their environmental and social impacts, but there is a growing expectation from civil society, regulators and investors that companies not only ‘do no harm’, but also make a positive contribution to the environment and society.
In many companies, projects follow procedures to avoid or minimise biodiversity impacts and restore biodiversity or offset impacts when these are unavoidable. This framework, known as the mitigation hierarchy, is increasingly used by companies and governments to improve environmental management and contribute to a net positive impact (NPI) or biodiversity net gain (BNG).
Following a NPI commitment by the mining company Rio Tinto, IUCN worked with the company to develop and trial a review protocol that could track its progress towards reaching NPI at an operational level. This protocol was tested at Rio Tinto operations in Australia, Mongolia and Madagascar.
CASTANEA HENRYI TREES PLANTING PROJECT – GRAIN & TIMBER
The castanea henryi tree is an excellent kind of tree with great economic value. It grows in mountain regions with a temperature range between -16 celsius degrees and 41 celsius degrees, therefore it is suitable to be planted in many countries with a subtropical climate. Castanea henryi fruit (nut) is a kind of grain with high nutritional value, which can be introduced to be planted to help reduce the grain and food shortage problem. Castanea henryi tree stem are also quality timber for various purposes.
People can use hillside lands to plant Castanea henryi trees,the castanea henryi nuts can be sold as a kind of grain or raw materials used to make various foods, highly matured castanea henryi tree stems can be sold to make various wooden products. In consequence, people engaging in planting castanea henryi trees can have stable income from planting this kind of tree.
Improving trails and visitor experiences in the Peaks National Park, St Helena Island
The Peaks National Park is home to the last remaining fragments of endemic cloud forest habitat on St Helena Island. It is a premier hiking destination for locals and tourists, but as tourism numbers increased so did the impacts on the national park. Foot traffic was eroding the trails, the trails were becoming unsafe, and it was beginning to affect the surrounding habitat. Wooden boardwalks, staircases, handrails and a hiking shelter were constructed to improve access, safety and reduce visitor impacts. The trails are now safe and accessible, the profile of conservation in the cloud forest has been improved, and the National Park is now an eco-tourism icon for St Helena.
Life – Ecological Restoration through Partnerships
Biodiversity Sri Lanka in partnership with the Sri Lanka Forest Department, IUCN Sri Lanka and selected private sector partners, undertook a pilot project to establish a biodiversity baseline in a 10ha area of degraded rainforest, which was cleared for cultivation and subsequently abandoned, resulting in the colonization of it by the pioneer fern species Dicranopteris linearis, located in the Kanneliya Conservation Forest. The intension was to restore this area using principles of restoration ecology, to enhance its ecological functions, habitat quality, species diversity and its capacity to provide biodiversity and ecosystem services that is in close approximation to the surrounding wet lowland forest of which it was a part previously, before it was converted to its present state. The project aimed to develop a Biodiversity Credit Accrual System for Sri Lanka using the insights derived, with the objective of assigning a unit value for enhanced biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Yunguilla: Una exitosa alianza entre conservación y desarrollo para la recuperación y preservación del área y su comunidad.
El proyecto de gestión del Área Ecológica de Conservación y Uso Sustentable (ACUS) Yunguilla ha sido el resultado de un proceso iniciado en el año 1995 , el cuál continúa en activo desarrollo. Se ha restaurado el ecosistema y su biodiversidad, pasando de actividades no sostenibles y dañinas para el hábitat como el avance de la frontera agrícola, presión sobre los recursos naturales, tala de bosque y quema indiscriminada a actividades sostenibles. La estrategia desarrollada en el ACUS ha permitido la implementación de sistemas agrarios más sostenibles y amigables con el ambiente, la explotación turística ecológica y responsable, la elaboración de productos artesanales y el consecuente mejoramiento de las condiciones sociales, económicas y la calidad de vida de las familias en la comunidad, como así también, la continuidad de los servicios ambientales, lo que convierte a Yunguilla en un caso emblemático y potencialmente replicable en otros lugares.
Engaging business to boost sustainability in African agriculture
Growth corridors are regions where natural resource-based industries, such as agriculture and mining, are being developed to boost economic growth. SUSTAIN (Sustainability and Inclusion Strategy for Growth Corridors), an IUCN-led initiative, aims to shape the investment and design of these corridors so that they are environmentally and socially sustainable.
Located in a vast floodplain, Tanzania’s Kilombero district hosts wetlands, waterfalls and iconic wildlife species, such as elephant, hippo, antelope and lion. The mountain rainforests are a vital water source for the surrounding area and its economy. As part of SUSTAIN, the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) is working with one of Tanzania’s biggest rice producers, valley farmers and mountain villages in Kilombero to increase agricultural productivity while conserving forests, water sources and wildlife at a coordinated landscape level. A pillar of the programme is a payment for ecosystems services (PES) scheme.
Community-based Mangrove Conservation and Rehabilitation
Mangroves and beach forests provide coastal greenbelts that act as a protective buffer to sea level rise and storms. Moreover, they are particularly effective in mitigating global warming and rising carbon dioxide levels by capturing and storing carbon in both above- and below-ground biomass. On Panay Island, protection of remaining mangroves and rehabilitation of degraded areas is carried out by local communities and supported by local governments.
Community-based landscape conservation in Armenia
The Eco-Corridor Fund for the Caucasus (ECF) is a funding instrument supporting community-based biodiversity conservation in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Eco-corridors are created by connecting various classifications of parks and protected areas across all three countries. ECF uses contractual nature conservation agreements and a clear set of processes to fund ecologically sustainable land use in specific regions and selected communities in Armenia. The result is an interconnected mosaic of managed and unmanaged habitats under various land categories and classifications. These community-managed landscapes protect, connect and support healthy native ecosystems while ensuring the socio-economic status of the communities involved is not harmed or diminish, and in many cases is improved. ECF is a not-for profit, practical conservation organization funded by KfW Development Bank and WWF Germany.
Quito’s Participatory Urban Agriculture Programme (AGRUPAR)
AGRUPAR was developed on the basis of a broad, large community consultation. It explicitly recognizes the role of urban agriculture for wider social, ecological and economic development and works along the entire food chain. Training programmes help support community, family and school gardens. With over 3,600 urban gardens growing on 32 hectares and more than 21,000 people trained, AGRUPAR fosters food security, increases incomes, and enhances ecosystem functions. Its participants produce now more than 870,000 kg of food products per year for the city and more than 6,600 bio-fairs have been organized so far. The programme is part of Quito’s mission to become an entrepreneurial, sustainable and innovative city. Due to its impressive socioeconomic and environmental impact, and its participatory and holistic approach, AGRUPAR was recognized with the Future Policy Silver Award 2018, awarded by the World Future Council in partnership with FAO and IFOAM – Organics International.
Sand dams for climate resilience and food security in arid and semi-arid landscapes
Utooni Development Organization (UDO) is a non-governmental organization established in 2002 and registered in 2005. It is based on the early works of Utooni Development Project, a community-based self help group formed by Joshua Mukusya in 1978. Its vision is to build peaceful, healthy and happy interlinked self-sufficient communities through justified sustainable development.
The organization supports disadvantaged communities living in the arid and semi arid lands to transform their environment in a sustainable manner, enabling them to improve water supply, food production, income and health.
Coping with expanding tourism through effective partnership, Sharm Elmia Rehabilitation
Sharm El-mia, a small bay on the outskirts of Sharm El-Sheikh city; the bay is an integral part of RMNP that includes Ras Mohammad Peninsula and the coasts of Sharm El-Sheikh. Being the main marina for diving and live-aboard boats, the bay suffered the accumulation of boats effluents that smothered marine life. Moving the marina to another location gave way to restoring the afflicted bay. The restoration process, which was carried out through partnership with various stakeholders, set an example of how to successfully coordinate work between actors who in many cases have conflicting interests. Overcoming red tape was a daunting mission that had to be accomplished. Marine life re-inhabited the bay, and benthic living cover was recorded in values comparable to similar sites. Bio-remediation of the ailing aquatic environment and elimination of potential pathogenicity induced by boats effluents was achieved. Finally, the bay was rendered viable to recreational tourism activities.
Kinabalu Eco-linc – improving ecological connectivity
This project is improving the ecological connectivity between 2 protected areas in Sabah, Malaysia: Kinabalu Park (World Heritage site) and Crocker Range Biosphere reserve. It addresses the issue of forest fragmentation due to uncontrolled deforestation and expansion of agricultural activities by establishment of several community conserved areas (CCAs) in between both parks, habitat restoration, improving agriculture production and creating alternative incomes.
Living Melbourne: Our metropolitan urban forest – a groundbreaking strategy for a greener and more liveable city
Melbourne, Australia, is a fast growing city. As its suburbs expand to meet the needs of a growing population, municipal leaders are looking to protect wildlife habitat, provide green space for recreation and ensure that trees are available to manage the effects of climate change.
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and Resilient Melbourne have developed an urban forest plan that identifies opportunities to maintain and restore natural areas in the city. The Living Melbourne Strategy presents a transformative approach to responding to urban challenges with nature, and is a result of over two years of collaboration and evidence accumulation on how to connect, extend and enhance urban greening across the metropole.
Living Melbourne is a bold strategy for a greener, more liveable Melbourne into the future. In an unprecedented effort, Living Melbourne has been endorsed by 41 organisations representing local government, Victorian government, water authorities, statutory agencies and industry bodies.
A Thematic Atlas of Nature’s Benefits to Dar es Salaam: Critical reasons for greening the city and for keeping urban and peri-urban ecosystems intact
Tanzania is a fast urbanising society. At the same time, urban residents are reliant on nature. Peri-urban agriculture, artisanal fishing and nature-based tourism support thousands of livelihoods. Dar Es Salaam is also located in a globally important biodiversity hotspot, the ‘East African Coastal Forest’. Dar es Salaam has a long history of greening but the spatial allocation of greening funds have not been strategic. Based on this need, ‘A Thematic Atlas of Nature’s Benefits to Dar es Salaam’ was co-developed with a wide range of stakeholders. The Atlas was based on ecosystem services thinking and each of seven ‘themes’ in The Atlas represents an urban challenge, such as rising urban heat or flooding. Descriptive information about nature’s benefits in Dar es Salaam and the maps were packaged as an easy-to-read report and which is downloadable for free. The information and maps in the Atlas facilitate evidence-based decisions on where to invest in greening to achieve social outcomes.
WILD spaces: Connecting urban youth to nature through habitat stewardship in pollinator gardens
WILD Spaces is a pollinator garden conservation education program for elementary schools offered by the Canadian Wildlife Federation (CWF). This program is designed to connect children to nature and help protect native pollinator habitat in some of Canada’s largest cities.
The program pillars are online learning in a virtual classroom, service learning by enhancing pollinator habitat in a school or community garden, citizen science made easy through photography in the garden, and celebrating with recognition through CWF’s Garden Habitat Certification.
Subject to funding, eligible schools also receive free pollinator-friendly plants, field trips to botanical gardens and in-school workshops.
Fernbrae Meadows: the creation of a new urban park
The site was a former private golf course, out of use since 2015 and is now operated by South Lanarkshire Council. The land was vacant and derelict, and safety concerns were raised due to vandalism, fly-tipping, vehicle abandonment and fires. The conversion of the site into a new urban park presented an opportunity to address such anti-social behaviour and create a desirable area for positive activities and community development. South Lanarkshire Council provided the match funding for the project and applied for additional funding from the Green Infrastructure Strategic Intervention, which was granted in 2017. A ‘friends of’ group was established during the implementation period of the project and became involved in community engagement as well as the on-going management and maintenance of the new park.
Key aims
- Increase social inclusion
- Preserve and protect greenspace
- Improve habitat and increase biodiversity
Governance of Underground Water
The Kumamoto region has benefited from abundant groundwater, which covers almost 100% of the total water supply. This was made possible mainly by the three following factors: 1) a large groundwater basin of approximately 600 km2, 2) easy infiltration and huge storage of rainwater due to unique soils layers developed by volcanic activities, and 3) relatively higher annual rainfall. However, the amount of groundwater has decreased in recent years due large part to increasing water consumption and lowering rainfall infiltration caused by urbanization. To manage and conserve groundwater resources in a sustainable manner, the group of more than ten municipalities in the basin developed a comprehensive plan to control groundwater. Also, a foundation sponsored by governments, companies, and residents financially supports various projects and research activities for groundwater conservation.
Sustainable Cities in China: Urban wetlands as nature-based solutions
Urban wetlands can benefit local populations through improved water quality, biodiversity, air quality and microclimate (cooling). However, there is a lack of information on how best to manage multi-use wetlands to maximise their role as nature-based solutions. The Earthwatch Institute is working with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and WWF China to investigate best practice for wetland management for agriculture, tourism and conservation, with respect to the benefits they provide. Different land management approaches are being compared in two major wetlands near Shanghai and Guangzhou to improve understandings on the best management practices, as well as to identify how wetlands can help mitigate the adverse effects of land-use change and climate change.
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12.1.2. Поощрение развития зеленой инфраструктуры и эко-садоводства во всех образовательных учреждениях и частных домохозяйствах в целях создания благоприятных условий для обитания видов (садоводство,
Solutions and case studies
Quito’s Participatory Urban Agriculture Programme (AGRUPAR)
AGRUPAR was developed on the basis of a broad, large community consultation. It explicitly recognizes the role of urban agriculture for wider social, ecological and economic development and works along the entire food chain. Training programmes help support community, family and school gardens. With over 3,600 urban gardens growing on 32 hectares and more than 21,000 people trained, AGRUPAR fosters food security, increases incomes, and enhances ecosystem functions. Its participants produce now more than 870,000 kg of food products per year for the city and more than 6,600 bio-fairs have been organized so far. The programme is part of Quito’s mission to become an entrepreneurial, sustainable and innovative city. Due to its impressive socioeconomic and environmental impact, and its participatory and holistic approach, AGRUPAR was recognized with the Future Policy Silver Award 2018, awarded by the World Future Council in partnership with FAO and IFOAM – Organics International.