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Action 3.2 - es

3.1. Identificar todos los sitios importantes para la conservación de las especies.

Subactions

  • 3.1.1. Identificar las Áreas Clave para la Biodiversidad de manera integral en cada país y en las zonas costeras y marinas, incluidas las que estén fuera de las jurisdicciones nacionales.
    Key Biodiversity Area National Coordination Groups
    Key Biodiversity Area Partnership
    Government agencies
    Reverse the Red partnership

    Other tools and resources

    Surveillance maritime participative au sein du Parc National du Banc d’Arguin

    D’une étendue de 12000 km2, le Parc National du Banc d’Arguin (PNBA) est l’un des plus vastes parcs nationaux d’Afrique. Il constitue un écrin de reproduction de la courbine, de maturation du mulet jaune et de beaucoup d’espèces d’oiseaux et de poissons migrateurs. Le parc abrite également de vastes prairies d’herbiers marins. Une autre caractéristique exceptionnelle du PNBA est la présence en son sein des Imraguens, une population de pêcheurs du désert, qui bénéficient d’un droit exclusif d’accès à la ressource halieutique dans le cadre de leur pêche traditionnelle pratiquée à bord d’embarcations à voile latine appelées ‘lanches’. L’importance du PNBA en termes de biodiversité et de patrimoine culturel exige de garantir son intégrité socio-écologique. Conscients de cette situation, les gestionnaires du PNBA et la Délégation à la Surveillance des Pêches et du Contrôle en Mer (DSPCM) – aujourd’hui Garde Côtes Mauritanienne (GCM), ont mis en place dès 1999 un dispositif de surveillance maritime participative.

    El Manejo sustentable y participativo en el ordenamiento de actividades marinas para la preservación de especies en la Reserva de la Biosfera El Vizcaíno

    El Santuario de Ballenas El Vizcaíno es un lugar muy importante para la protección de la ballena gris, especie que ha estado en peligro de extinción.

    Este área es objeto de actividades pesqueras y turismo con embarcaciones, las cuales coinciden con las rutas migratorias de las ballenas.

    Para que este hecho no altere su hábitat, se han implementado medidas como:

    • Monitoreo biológico semanal.
    • Análisis etológico en un sistema de zonas diferenciadas por actividades.
    • Trabajo conjunto con las empresas de turismo a fin de que su actividad no altere el proceso biológico de ballenas/ballenatos.
    • Implementación de la Norma de Emergencia de 1996 con los lineamientos y parámetros para su protección y conservación.

    Las medidas han permitido avanzar en pos de la conservación de la ballena gris e impulsando el desarrollo económico de la región y la participación de la sociedad civil.

    PARQUE NACIONAL CABO PULMO: PARTICIPACIÓN PARA SU CONSERVACIÓN

    Ante el constante deterioro causado por la pesca sin control, y con ayuda de académicos, hace 25 años los habitantes de la comunidad de Cabo Pulmo, México, decidieron dejar de pescar y cambiar de giro enfocándose en el turismo sustentable. Los primeros 14 años del Parque vivieron la necesidad de regular mejor las actividades humanas, hasta que en el 2009 se publica el Programa de Manejo. Sin embargo, algunas reglas definidas en este aún eran poco específicas para las actividades turísticas. Ese año se comienza a trabajar en un Programa de Uso Público (PUP), para establecer estas reglas. El PUP se ha construido en colaboración con la comunidad, académicos, prestadores de servicios turísticos, la CONANP y las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil. Durante estos años hemos sido testigos de que la suma de participación, fortalecimiento de capacidades y acciones de manejo, dan como resultando beneficios ambientales al arrecife y económicos para la comunidad local.

    Apadrina una Roca, ciencia ciudadana para la conservación del patrimonio geológico en España

    Se trata de un programa gratuito de voluntariado, que busca la conservación y seguimiento del patrimonio geológico español desde el año 2017 de todos los Lugares de Interés Geológico (LIG) del Inventario Español de Lugares de Interés Geológico (IELIG).

    A través de un sencillo sistema de registro que es gratuito, se propone “apadrinar” un lugar de interés geológico que conozcas y creas merece la pena ser conservado. Si aceptas ser “padrino o madrina de una roca”, adquirirás el compromiso de vigilar el LIG que hayas elegido y avisar al programa cuando ocurra algún daño. Se pueden reportar las incidencias al email apadrinaunaroca@igme.es y desde el IGME se realiza el contacto con las administraciones para evitar el deterioro del patrimonio geológico. Todo el contacto del programa se realiza desde la Web https://www.igme.es/patrimonio/ApadrinaUnaRoca.htm  que es atendido por los responsables del programa todos los días del año.

    Solutions and case studies

    Public-private partnership to develop a climate-proof PA network

    Fifteen percent of the Western Cape is formally protected. Unfortunately, this network is unrepresentative of the biodiversity contained within the province and does not adequately buffer the province against the impacts of climate change. In an endeavor to supplement the existing network, priority areas, which have been identified through systematic biodiversity plans, are being safeguarded through elaborate public private partnership agreements and mainstreaming avenues.

    Establishment and evaluation of Freshwater Protected Areas

    We evaluated the effectiveness of existing Freshwater Protected Areas (FPAs) in the Mekong River Basin of Lao PDR by training locals to help us collect data. We also established new FPAs to protect threatened carp (Probarbus jullieni and P. labeamajor). We facilitated many workshops and consultations with communities, so that stakeholders could help design new FPAs.

    Community Engagement and Behavior Adoption in the Fish Forever program

    For MPAs to succeed, the science, governance and enforcement need to be supported by community buy-in and compliance. In Rare’s Fish Forever program, networks of marine reserves and managed access are established and strengthened using proven community engagement and behavior adoption approaches at each stage of the process. This helps ensure that fishers and local stakeholders ‘own’ the solution and are inspired to sustain protection and conservation efforts for the long term.

    MEET Network: Ecotourism Development in Mediterranean Protected Areas

    The Mediterranean Experience of Ecotourism (MEET) Network is an association of Protected Areas based in the Mediterranean Basin that is dedicated to strengthening conditions for the region to become an internationally recognised ecotourism destination. Formally established in 2018, MEET is born out of two EU-projects which ran from 2013. Through these projects the association has established a unique approach to ecotourism development that embraces local, cultural and natural values in Mediterranean Protected Areas. The MEET approach encourages public and private stakeholders from the conservation and tourism sectors to work together and build ecotourism products that put the Protected Area at the heart of the ecotourism experience and benefit local communities.
     

    Over the last 5 years, more than 40 Mediterranean Protected Areas have tried and tested this approach with MEET´s hands-on support, providing essential capacity building, advocacy and development tools to ensure successful results.

    Participatory maritime surveillance within the Banc d'Arguin National Park

    With an area of 12,000 sq.km. – of which 6,300 are marine areas and 5,700 are on the continent – the Banc d’Arguin National Park (PNBA) is one of the largest national parks in Africa. It is a breeding ground for the curlew, for the maturation of the yellow mullet, and is home to many migratory birds and fish species. The park is also home to extensive intertidal and subtidal seagrass meadows. Another exceptional feature of the PNBA is the presence of the Imraguen, a population of desert fishermen. They have ancestral and exclusive rights over fishing resources as part of their traditional practices using Latin sailing boats called ‘lanches’. The importance of the PNBA in terms of biodiversity and cultural heritage requires guaranteeing its socio-ecological integrity. Aware of this situation, the PNBA managers and the Delegation for Fisheries Surveillance and Control at Sea (DSPCM) – now the Mauritanian Coast Guard (GCM) – set up a participatory maritime surveillance system in 1999.

    CABO PULMO NATIONAL PARK: PARTICIPATION FOR ITS CONSERVATION

    Faced with the constant deterioration caused by uncontrolled fishing, and with the help of academics, 25 years ago the inhabitants of the community of Cabo Pulmo, Mexico, decided to stop fishing and change gears by focusing on sustainable tourism. The first 14 years of the Park saw the need to better regulate human activities, until 2009 when the Management Program was published. However, some rules defined in it were still not specific to tourist activities. That year, work began on a Public Use Program (PUP), to establish these rules. The PUP has been built in collaboration with the community, academics, tourism service providers, CONANP and Civil Society Organizations. During these years we have witnessed that the sum of participation, capacity building and management actions, give as a result environmental benefits to the reef and economic ones for the local community.

    Sustainable and participative management in the regulation of marine activities for the preservation of species in "El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve"

    El Vizcaino Whale Sanctuary is the most important place in the world for the protection of the once endangered grey whale. 

    In this area there are fishing and nautical tourism, which coincides with the migratory routes of whales.  

    Due to this fact and in order to ensure the habitat conservation, the following measures have been taken:

    •  Weekly biological monitoring.
    • Ethological analysis in a system of areas differentiated by activities.
    • Shared strategies with tourism companies so that their activities do not alter the biological processes of whales and whale calves.
    • Implementation of the 1996 emergency Act for the protection and conservation of the grey whale.

    These measures have made progress towards the conservation of the grey whale and driving to the economic development of the region and fostering the participation of the civil society.

  • 3.1.2. Asegurarse de que todas las ACB y otros sitios de importancia para la conservación de especies estén cubiertos por áreas protegidas o conservadas.
    Key Biodiversity Area National Coordination Groups
    Key Biodiversity Area Partnership
    Government agencies
    Reverse the Red partnership

    Other tools and resources

    Apadrina una Roca, ciencia ciudadana para la conservación del patrimonio geológico en España

    Se trata de un programa gratuito de voluntariado, que busca la conservación y seguimiento del patrimonio geológico español desde el año 2017 de todos los Lugares de Interés Geológico (LIG) del Inventario Español de Lugares de Interés Geológico (IELIG).

    A través de un sencillo sistema de registro que es gratuito, se propone “apadrinar” un lugar de interés geológico que conozcas y creas merece la pena ser conservado. Si aceptas ser “padrino o madrina de una roca”, adquirirás el compromiso de vigilar el LIG que hayas elegido y avisar al programa cuando ocurra algún daño. Se pueden reportar las incidencias al email apadrinaunaroca@igme.es y desde el IGME se realiza el contacto con las administraciones para evitar el deterioro del patrimonio geológico. Todo el contacto del programa se realiza desde la Web https://www.igme.es/patrimonio/ApadrinaUnaRoca.htm  que es atendido por los responsables del programa todos los días del año.

    APA – Serra do Guararu

    Este proyecto pone el foco en preservar los ecosistemas naturales de esa región, proteger especies endémicas, incentivar investigaciones científicas, conservar la cobertura del suelo, los servicios ambientales, el patrimonio ambiental, cultural, fomentar el turismo sustentable. Estas herramientas vienen a intentar contrarrestrar los efectos de problemas existentes y actuales tales como: Convencer al poder público y a la comunidad de la importancia de preservar los antes mencionados y establecer un área protegida- APA-, la situación ameritaba un imperioso y urgente plan de creación de APA a efectos de evitar ocupaciones clandestinas y establecimiento de redes criminales, deforestación ilegal, caza predatoria, contaminación y deterioro ambiental.

    Ante este panorama de diversos y difusos problemas es que este proyecto ha tomado una enorme relevancia como un caso realmente exitoso, y pasible de ser replicado en otras zonas.

    Solutions and case studies

    Pioneering Africa, Menongue Game Reserve, Angola

    The project entailed establishing a game reserve on a vacant piece of land near the town of Menongue in the Cuando Cubango Province, Angola. Wildlife were extirpated during the civil war and only low densities of wildlife occur in remote areas. Jose Recio is an Angolan business man who wanted to germinate the eco-tourism industry in Angola.

    Implementation of Integrated Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning of Bontang

    The new integrated spatial plan of Bontang City has been adopted by the local parliament in 2012 and is being implemented in parts. It now includes both land and marine areas with its mangroves, coral reefs and seagrass beds located within four miles from the shoreline. It is the first example of the implementation of the Indonesian Law No 26/2007 on Spatial Planning and Law No 27/2007 on Coastal Area and Small Islands Management to be applied in coastal districts/cities in Indonesia.

    'Save a Rock', citizen stewardship for protection of geological heritage in Spain

    It is a free and volunteering programme established in 2017 by the Geological Survey of Spain (IGME) to promote the conservation of Spanish geoheritage through a follow-up stewardship system. Through a simple registration system, any person may watch over a place of geological interest that, for its scientific, educational or touristic value, that person thinks it is worthwhile to be preserved. They must watch over the site and care for it. Each person contributes to ensure its conservation with the following compromises: 1) To inform IGME of any threat or incident that may occur at the site; if any anomaly is detected, such as e.g. destruction or plundering of minerals or fossils, by an email address (apadrinaunaroca@igme.es); the person is contacted and requested to report on the details of the incident through a form enabled for that purpose; 2) To visit, at least once annually, the geological site of interest that is the object of the stewardship. 

    Conservación del única ave endémica (Amazilia luciae) en el occidente de Honduras

    El colibrí esmeralda hondureño (Honduran emerald – Amazilia luciae) es la unica ave endémica de Honduras. Habita en los bosques secos del interior donde se alimenta de una decena de nectar de flores de temporada. Los bosques Secos son los mas afectados por las actividades humanas, ya que solo contamos con el 7% del bosque original y un 3% en regeneracion. El ave se ha convertido en emblema de la zona y ha propiciado la creacion de las Areas protegidas de habitat por especie y de Reservas Naturales privadas, donde los propietarios son excentos de impuestos de propiedad a cambio del buen uso del bosque y recursos.

    Se realizan monitoreos mensuales en los sitios aptos para colibri demostrado que la población de colibríes esmeralda se mantiene estable; tambien se han realizado plantaciones de espeices de plantas nectaríferas para colibries en areas degradadas.

    En la actualidad la población esta conciente de la presencia y lo que significa la presencia de esta ave para la zona y para el país.

     

     

     

  • 3.1.3. Mantener y actualizar un registro global exhaustivo de todos los sitios determinados como de importancia para las especies, como las Áreas Clave para la Biodiversidad (ACB), las Áreas de Import
    United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre
    Key Biodiversity Area Secretariat
    Alliance for Zero Extinction

    Other tools and resources

    Apadrina una Roca, ciencia ciudadana para la conservación del patrimonio geológico en España

    Se trata de un programa gratuito de voluntariado, que busca la conservación y seguimiento del patrimonio geológico español desde el año 2017 de todos los Lugares de Interés Geológico (LIG) del Inventario Español de Lugares de Interés Geológico (IELIG).

    A través de un sencillo sistema de registro que es gratuito, se propone “apadrinar” un lugar de interés geológico que conozcas y creas merece la pena ser conservado. Si aceptas ser “padrino o madrina de una roca”, adquirirás el compromiso de vigilar el LIG que hayas elegido y avisar al programa cuando ocurra algún daño. Se pueden reportar las incidencias al email apadrinaunaroca@igme.es y desde el IGME se realiza el contacto con las administraciones para evitar el deterioro del patrimonio geológico. Todo el contacto del programa se realiza desde la Web https://www.igme.es/patrimonio/ApadrinaUnaRoca.htm  que es atendido por los responsables del programa todos los días del año.

Primary tools and resources

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Designing and managing protected and conserved areas to support inland water ecosystems and biodiversity

Inland waters – such as rivers, lakes and other wetlands – are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. They are also the most threatened; almost one in three species is at risk of extinction and monitored populations of freshwater species have declined by 85% since 1970. The loss of these ecosystems has cascading effects on human livelihoods, cultures and our overall well-being. While protected and conserved areas can play an important role in bending the curve of inland water biodiversity and ecosystem loss, they have rarely been designed, designated, and managed for that purpose. Motivated by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework’s inclusion of inland waters in the target to conserve 30% of the planet by 2030, this report provides guidance in employing protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures to benefit these ecosystems and the biodiversity they support. Through a series of case studies and synthesized research, it highlights how integrating the unique needs of inland waters into area-based strategies can improve conservation effectiveness across all realms, build climate resilience and sustain critical ecosystem services.

Indigenous Peoples and Local Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs)

ICCAs are territories and areas that are conserved by indigenous peoples and local communities. They have three main characteristics: (i) the community has a close connection with the territory or area; (ii) the community makes and enforces management rules; (iii) the management of the area results in positive conservation outcomes. The ICCA Registry is an online platform for territories and areas conserved by indigenous peoples and local communities (ICCAs), where communities themselves provide data, case studies, maps, photos and stories. There are currently over 1,500 protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) reported to Protected Planet under the governance of indigenous peoples and local communities.

How to use

To access the ICCA Registry: https://doi.org/10.34892/an6v-a590

To explore sites, visit the WDPA OECM search page and filter by governance type: https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/thematic-areas/oecms?tab=OECMs

Alliance on Zero Extinction (AZE) sites

An AZE site must contain 95% of the population of an ‘Endangered’ or ‘Critically Endangered’ species and have a definable boundary. These criteria are the equivalent of Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) criterion A1e.

How to use

Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs)

This is a / EBSAs are / a CBD initiative to identify marine areas that serve important purposes in supporting the healthy functioning of oceans and the services they provide. EBSAs are identified according to seven criteria. Selection of EBSAs and conservation and management measures is a matter for States and competent intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with international law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

How to use

Important Plant Areas (IPAs)

IPAs are key sites for exceptional botanical richness. They are identified using three criteria: threatened species, botanical richness (including socially, economically, and culturally valuable plants), and threatened habitats. IPAs contribute to implementing the Global Biodiversity Framework and are a component of National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans.

IUCN Important Marine Mammals Areas (IMMAs)

Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs) are defined as discrete portions of habitat important to marine mammal species that have the potential to be delineated and managed for conservation. IMMAs consist of areas that may merit place-based protection and/or monitoring. IMMAs are identified through an independent, expert process.

The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)

The WDPA is a comprehensive global database on terrestrial and marine protected areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs). It is a joint project between the UN Environment Programme and IUCN, and is managed by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). The WDPA is updated on a monthly basis and site data and maps are available through the Protected Planet platform. About 261,766 officially recognised protected areas are listed, covering over 15% of the of the earth’s land surface and 7.4% of the world’s oceans. Protected Planet contains interactive maps and has eight thematic areas. Every two years, UNEP-WCMC releases the Protected Planet Report on the status of the world’s protected areas and makes recommendations on how to meet international goals and targets.

How to use

Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA)

ISRAs have been developed by the IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group to ensure that discrete portions of habitats critical to shark species are delineated and used in site-based conservation and management initiatives in global waters. ISRAs are identified through the application of four criteria, incorporating seven sub-criteria. The Criteria provide an objective framework for identifying areas crucial for the persistence of sharks and rays and, where required, their recovery.

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Other tools and resources

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Surveillance maritime participative au sein du Parc National du Banc d’Arguin

D’une étendue de 12000 km2, le Parc National du Banc d’Arguin (PNBA) est l’un des plus vastes parcs nationaux d’Afrique. Il constitue un écrin de reproduction de la courbine, de maturation du mulet jaune et de beaucoup d’espèces d’oiseaux et de poissons migrateurs. Le parc abrite également de vastes prairies d’herbiers marins. Une autre caractéristique exceptionnelle du PNBA est la présence en son sein des Imraguens, une population de pêcheurs du désert, qui bénéficient d’un droit exclusif d’accès à la ressource halieutique dans le cadre de leur pêche traditionnelle pratiquée à bord d’embarcations à voile latine appelées ‘lanches’. L’importance du PNBA en termes de biodiversité et de patrimoine culturel exige de garantir son intégrité socio-écologique. Conscients de cette situation, les gestionnaires du PNBA et la Délégation à la Surveillance des Pêches et du Contrôle en Mer (DSPCM) – aujourd’hui Garde Côtes Mauritanienne (GCM), ont mis en place dès 1999 un dispositif de surveillance maritime participative.

El Manejo sustentable y participativo en el ordenamiento de actividades marinas para la preservación de especies en la Reserva de la Biosfera El Vizcaíno

El Santuario de Ballenas El Vizcaíno es un lugar muy importante para la protección de la ballena gris, especie que ha estado en peligro de extinción.

Este área es objeto de actividades pesqueras y turismo con embarcaciones, las cuales coinciden con las rutas migratorias de las ballenas.

Para que este hecho no altere su hábitat, se han implementado medidas como:

  • Monitoreo biológico semanal.
  • Análisis etológico en un sistema de zonas diferenciadas por actividades.
  • Trabajo conjunto con las empresas de turismo a fin de que su actividad no altere el proceso biológico de ballenas/ballenatos.
  • Implementación de la Norma de Emergencia de 1996 con los lineamientos y parámetros para su protección y conservación.

Las medidas han permitido avanzar en pos de la conservación de la ballena gris e impulsando el desarrollo económico de la región y la participación de la sociedad civil.

PARQUE NACIONAL CABO PULMO: PARTICIPACIÓN PARA SU CONSERVACIÓN

Ante el constante deterioro causado por la pesca sin control, y con ayuda de académicos, hace 25 años los habitantes de la comunidad de Cabo Pulmo, México, decidieron dejar de pescar y cambiar de giro enfocándose en el turismo sustentable. Los primeros 14 años del Parque vivieron la necesidad de regular mejor las actividades humanas, hasta que en el 2009 se publica el Programa de Manejo. Sin embargo, algunas reglas definidas en este aún eran poco específicas para las actividades turísticas. Ese año se comienza a trabajar en un Programa de Uso Público (PUP), para establecer estas reglas. El PUP se ha construido en colaboración con la comunidad, académicos, prestadores de servicios turísticos, la CONANP y las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil. Durante estos años hemos sido testigos de que la suma de participación, fortalecimiento de capacidades y acciones de manejo, dan como resultando beneficios ambientales al arrecife y económicos para la comunidad local.

La Reserva Biológica Bosque Nuboso Monteverde, un área protegida privada como modelo de gestión y aporte a la economía de la región

La creación de la Reserva Biológica Bosque Nuboso Monteverde del Centro Científico Tropical en 1972 marca un hito en la economía de la región. La llegada de científicos y turistas para conocer el ecosistema ha generado que su población vea una oportunidad de mejora en su nivel de vida. Este progreso es evidente a través de la llegada de más de 100 mil visitantes a la reserva, permitiendo a los locales, ofrecer servicios de hospedaje y alimentación, convirtiéndose en operadores turísticos y generando así un traspaso de su actividad agricultora y ganadera hacia el rubro empresario del turismo y en algunos casos, adicionando estas actividades a las agrícolo- ganaderas incrementando con ello su economía familiar.

Actualmente, todos los pobladores se encuentran relacionados de alguna manera con el turismo, lo cual se debe a la creación de este área protegida.

El caso del Santuario de Flora y Fauna Galeras: un modelo de gobernanza compartida

Durante mucho tiempo, los ecosistemas del Santuario de Flora y Fauna Galeras sufrieron  los efectos negativos derivados del crecimiento de la población humana que habita en las zonas rurales/urbanas aledañas. Este hecho afectó considerablemente tanto los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos ofrecidos por el Santuario como la conectividad de éste con otras áreas protegidas (y su zona de influencia). Sin embargo, desde 1998, y con la implementación de la “Política para la Participación Social en la Conservación”, fue posible promover varias iniciativas que contribuyeron a mejorar la representatividad y conectividad ecológica bajo formas de gobernanza compartida. Además, gracias al compromiso con las comunidades campesinas, autoridades locales, propietarios privados y otros actores se ha logrado avanzar en la creación de reservas locales y reservas naturales de la sociedad civil, las cuáles realizan, actualmente,  un aporte invaluable en la conservación de ecosistemas estratégicos.

Apadrina una Roca, ciencia ciudadana para la conservación del patrimonio geológico en España

Se trata de un programa gratuito de voluntariado, que busca la conservación y seguimiento del patrimonio geológico español desde el año 2017 de todos los Lugares de Interés Geológico (LIG) del Inventario Español de Lugares de Interés Geológico (IELIG).

A través de un sencillo sistema de registro que es gratuito, se propone “apadrinar” un lugar de interés geológico que conozcas y creas merece la pena ser conservado. Si aceptas ser “padrino o madrina de una roca”, adquirirás el compromiso de vigilar el LIG que hayas elegido y avisar al programa cuando ocurra algún daño. Se pueden reportar las incidencias al email apadrinaunaroca@igme.es y desde el IGME se realiza el contacto con las administraciones para evitar el deterioro del patrimonio geológico. Todo el contacto del programa se realiza desde la Web https://www.igme.es/patrimonio/ApadrinaUnaRoca.htm  que es atendido por los responsables del programa todos los días del año.

APA – Serra do Guararu

Este proyecto pone el foco en preservar los ecosistemas naturales de esa región, proteger especies endémicas, incentivar investigaciones científicas, conservar la cobertura del suelo, los servicios ambientales, el patrimonio ambiental, cultural, fomentar el turismo sustentable. Estas herramientas vienen a intentar contrarrestrar los efectos de problemas existentes y actuales tales como: Convencer al poder público y a la comunidad de la importancia de preservar los antes mencionados y establecer un área protegida- APA-, la situación ameritaba un imperioso y urgente plan de creación de APA a efectos de evitar ocupaciones clandestinas y establecimiento de redes criminales, deforestación ilegal, caza predatoria, contaminación y deterioro ambiental.

Ante este panorama de diversos y difusos problemas es que este proyecto ha tomado una enorme relevancia como un caso realmente exitoso, y pasible de ser replicado en otras zonas.

How a real estate project can ensure longterm financing for the conservation of a wilderness area

Through a real estate project “Reserva Ecologica Oasis de la Campana” it is possible to protect 1000 hectares of sclerophyllous forest of Mediterranean ecosystem. The project destines a sector that is subdivided into properties of 0.5 hectares for real estate purposes and another sector of 1000 hectares to conservation of Mediterranean forest and its biodiversity. Through the legal framework of reciprocal environmental easements between the parcels of the real estate sector and the area destined for conservation and the delivery of these lands to a non-profit Foundation, the legal protection in perpetuity of the 1000 hectares is ensured. On the other hand, this same legal framework ensures that the common expenses of the owners of the real estate subdivision finance not only the maintenance of their common areas but also the maintenance activities of the wilderness area to be conserved. This includes protection and restoration activities.

Desarrollo sostenible, adaptación al cambio climático y OMEC en zona buffer del Parque Nacional Tamá

El PNN Tamá es una estrella hídrica que abastece sectores productivos y comunidades de varios Departamentos al nororiente de Colombia y Estados al occidente de Venezuela. La falta desarrollo local, el conflicto armado, así como el cambio climático y la variabilidad climática han generado presiones frente al uso del suelo en la zona aledaña del PNN Tamá. Como solución, desde Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia innovamos la producción local sostenible de sistemas agrofroestales de café, el monitoreo participativo de recurso hídrico y las alianzas para la gestión de recursos, con lo cual se han fortalecido las inversiones y procesos de relacionamiento con actores estratégicos en favor de la conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos que brinda el Parque. Adicionalmente, hemos apoyado la declaratoria de Reservas Naturales de la Sociedad Civil, rodeando y protegiendo al PNN Tamá con áreas protegidas privadas manejadas por las comunidades.

A Partnership with the Wine Industry to Sustain Protected Areas and Ecosystem Services in Chile

A través de investigación cientifica relevante y procesos de colaboración ciencia-productor, se contribuye a la identificacion y creación de áreas de conservacion privadas en predios agrícolas, integran el rediseño de predios y su manejo para que coexistan con la biodiversidad. Este trabajo es Realizado por el Programa Vino, Cambio Climatico y Biodiversidad con el apoyo de 21viñas Chilenas desde el año 2008.

The state of protected and conserved areas in Eastern and Southern Africa : second edition

This second edition of The state of protected and conserved areas in Eastern and Southern Africa builds on the first edition published in 2020 and provides updates on how the region is managing and governing protected and conserved areas, effectively providing a regional update on the progress towards the achievement of Target 3 of the Global Biodiversity framework. While the first edition was published in relation to the previous global targets (in particular Aichi Target 11), this edition covers progress on the common indicators around management effectiveness and governance and expands to include additional information that corresponds to the revised target on PCAs (Target 3).

World Database on Key Biodiversity Areas

KBAs are sites ‘contributing significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems’. The KBA Partnership is composed of 13 leading international organizations including IUCN. It maintains a KBA Committee, KBA secretariat, a KBA Technical Working Group, a KBA Community, a KBA Consultative Forum, and the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. An independent KBA Standards and Appeals Committee is established under the authority of the elected SSC and WCPA Chairs. The KBA Global Standard lists the criteria for identification of KBAs. There are five criteria and 11 subcriteria all with quantitative thresholds. KBAs are identified on the basis of ecosystems or species.

KBAs can be identified by a KBA National Coordination Group (KBA NCG). If an individual or small group has an interest in proposing a KBA in a country with an existing KBA NCG they are encouraged to work with that KBA NCG to make the proposal. Where a KBA NCG has not yet been established, proposers are encouraged to consider helping form such a group but if that is not possible they can put together a proposal for a site and submit it directly. KBAs should be reviewed and updated nationally every 8-12 years to also confirm they still meet KBA status for the species or ecosystems that trigger KBA status for the site. The KBA identification process is inclusive, consultative and nationally driven. Anyone with appropriate data may propose a site as a KBA, although consultation with relevant stakeholders at the local and national level is required when identifying the site and needs to be documented in the proposal. A proposer must apply the KBA criteria to data on biodiversity elements (species and ecosystems) at the site and delineate the site clearly. The formal proposal is then made through a process that ensures independent review before a site is incorporated in the World Database of KBAs.

How to use

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Solutions and case studies

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Designation of Astola Island, Pakistan’s first Marine Protected Area

Located approximately 25 km off the coast of Balochistan province, Astola is Pakistan’s largest offshore island. Also known as “Jezira Haft Talar” (Island of the Seven Hills) due to the small, rocky mountains that span the 6.7 km2 island. This pristine island with sandy beaches, crystal waters, and a remarkable biodiversity has all the traits of a tourist destination. The Astola saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus astolae) is endemic to this island and its beaches are a nesting ground for the endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbracata). A variety of coral species are found in the surrounding waters along with the Arabian Sea Humpback Whale and dolphins. In order to relieve pressure put on the island’s natural resources in recent years by human activities MFF Pakistan worked with its National Coordinating Body to have Astola declared Pakistan’s first Marine Protected Area in 2017.

Project Ocean

In 2011, ZSL teamed up with luxury department store Selfridges and created Project Ocean as a way to make a positive difference by changing consumer buying habits and engaging people in the plight of our oceans. The campaign communicates ocean protection in a constructive, compelling way. As part of Project Ocean, we created the Marine Reserves Coalition (MRC), bringing together leading conservation organisations to e.g.support establishment of new MPAs.

Palau’s Protected Areas Network Act

The solution establishes a nationwide framework that empowers communities to designate and manage marine and terrestrial protected areas in cooperation with partners. It provides standards, criteria, application processes, and technical and financial assistance for management and monitoring of sites.

Pioneering Africa, Menongue Game Reserve, Angola

The project entailed establishing a game reserve on a vacant piece of land near the town of Menongue in the Cuando Cubango Province, Angola. Wildlife were extirpated during the civil war and only low densities of wildlife occur in remote areas. Jose Recio is an Angolan business man who wanted to germinate the eco-tourism industry in Angola.

Public-private partnership to develop a climate-proof PA network

Fifteen percent of the Western Cape is formally protected. Unfortunately, this network is unrepresentative of the biodiversity contained within the province and does not adequately buffer the province against the impacts of climate change. In an endeavor to supplement the existing network, priority areas, which have been identified through systematic biodiversity plans, are being safeguarded through elaborate public private partnership agreements and mainstreaming avenues.

Sustainable governance of marine and coastal resources and territories

Soon after the first offshore oil field was discovered an intense public debate started in Mauritania about environmental and social risks of this sector. That led to the development of the Programme Biodiversity Oil and Gas, which aims, through a collaborative and integrated approach, at collating data in the marine environment, understanding the ecological consequences of human uses, designing and developing technical tools to monitor activities, and implementing corresponding policies. These activities are currently continued and consolidated with the GIZ “Co-management of marine, coastal and terrestrial resources” (CorMCT) program. 

Implementation of Integrated Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning of Bontang

The new integrated spatial plan of Bontang City has been adopted by the local parliament in 2012 and is being implemented in parts. It now includes both land and marine areas with its mangroves, coral reefs and seagrass beds located within four miles from the shoreline. It is the first example of the implementation of the Indonesian Law No 26/2007 on Spatial Planning and Law No 27/2007 on Coastal Area and Small Islands Management to be applied in coastal districts/cities in Indonesia.

Coping with expanding tourism through effective partnership, Sharm Elmia Rehabilitation

Sharm El-mia, a small bay on the outskirts of Sharm El-Sheikh city; the bay is an integral part of RMNP that includes Ras Mohammad Peninsula and the coasts of Sharm El-Sheikh. Being the main marina for diving and live-aboard boats, the bay suffered the accumulation of boats effluents that smothered marine life. Moving the marina to another location gave way to restoring the afflicted bay. The restoration process, which was carried out through partnership with various stakeholders, set an example of how to successfully coordinate work between actors who in many cases have conflicting interests. Overcoming red tape was a daunting mission that had to be accomplished. Marine life re-inhabited the bay, and benthic living cover was recorded in values comparable to similar sites. Bio-remediation of the ailing aquatic environment and elimination of potential pathogenicity induced by boats effluents was achieved. Finally, the bay was rendered viable to recreational tourism activities.

Environmental and economic sustainability through Nature-based Desert Tourism

The DDCR has implemented a nature-based tourism offering in partnership with seven tour operators which allows over 250,000 visitors to the protected area on an annual basis. Effective planning and implementation of a zonation plan ensure environmental sustainability by limiting areas of environmental impact. Furthermore, each tour operator has an individual route ensuring a premium experience of wildlife in a pristine desert landscape as well as greatly enhancing safety for the visitor.

All visitors to the DDCR pay entrance fees, through the tour operators, which is used exclusively for the management and research requirements of the protected area.

Establishment and evaluation of Freshwater Protected Areas

We evaluated the effectiveness of existing Freshwater Protected Areas (FPAs) in the Mekong River Basin of Lao PDR by training locals to help us collect data. We also established new FPAs to protect threatened carp (Probarbus jullieni and P. labeamajor). We facilitated many workshops and consultations with communities, so that stakeholders could help design new FPAs.

'Save a Rock', citizen stewardship for protection of geological heritage in Spain

It is a free and volunteering programme established in 2017 by the Geological Survey of Spain (IGME) to promote the conservation of Spanish geoheritage through a follow-up stewardship system. Through a simple registration system, any person may watch over a place of geological interest that, for its scientific, educational or touristic value, that person thinks it is worthwhile to be preserved. They must watch over the site and care for it. Each person contributes to ensure its conservation with the following compromises: 1) To inform IGME of any threat or incident that may occur at the site; if any anomaly is detected, such as e.g. destruction or plundering of minerals or fossils, by an email address (apadrinaunaroca@igme.es); the person is contacted and requested to report on the details of the incident through a form enabled for that purpose; 2) To visit, at least once annually, the geological site of interest that is the object of the stewardship. 

Community Engagement and Behavior Adoption in the Fish Forever program

For MPAs to succeed, the science, governance and enforcement need to be supported by community buy-in and compliance. In Rare’s Fish Forever program, networks of marine reserves and managed access are established and strengthened using proven community engagement and behavior adoption approaches at each stage of the process. This helps ensure that fishers and local stakeholders ‘own’ the solution and are inspired to sustain protection and conservation efforts for the long term.

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Actors

Sociedad civil (incluidas las ONG)
Alliance for Zero Extinction
Key Biodiversity Area National Coordination Groups
Key Biodiversity Area Partnership
Key Biodiversity Area Secretariat
Reverse the Red partnership

Gobiernos
Government agencies

Pueblos indígenas y comunidades locales

Organizaciones de las Naciones Unidas o intergubernamentales y convenios y acuerdos relacionados con la biodiversidad
United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre

Technologies

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Internet of Things (IoT)

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

Metaverse

Gamification

Decentralised Applications (DApps)

Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs)

Blockchain and Smart Contracts

Acoustic Monitoring

Camera Traps

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