Задача 22
Обеспечение участия в принятии решений и доступа к правосудию и информации, связанной с биоразнообразием, для всех
Обеспечение с учетом гендерной проблематики всестороннего, равноправного, инклюзивного и эффективного представительства и участия коренных народов и местных общин в процессе принятия решений, касающихся биоразнообразия, а также доступа к правосудию и информации при уважении их культуры и их прав на земли, территории, ресурсы и традиционные знания, включая права женщин и девочек, детей и молодежи, а также лиц с ограниченными возможностями, и обеспечение всесторонней защиты экологических правозащитников.
Обеспечение с учетом гендерной проблематики всестороннего, равноправного, инклюзивного и эффективного представительства и участия коренных народов и местных общин в процессе принятия решений, касающихся биоразнообразия, а также доступа к правосудию и информации при уважении их культуры и их прав на земли, территории, ресурсы и традиционные знания, включая права женщин и девочек, детей и молодежи, а также лиц с ограниченными возможностями, и обеспечение всесторонней защиты экологических правозащитников.
Обоснование
ГПДВ
Равноправное включение знаний коренных народов и местных сообществ, участие коренных народов и местных сообществ, женщин и
молодежи в принятии решений, затрагивающих сохранение видов, и уважение их прав повышает их вовлеченность и приверженность, а также способствует достижению успешных результатов в отношении видов.
Actions
Primary tools and resources
CBD voluntary guidelines on Traditional Knowledge and ILPCs
The UN Convention on Biodiversity has developed sets of detailed guidance on ILK. These include the Tkarihwaié:ri Code of Ethical Conduct to Ensure Respect for the Cultural and Intellectual Heritage of Indigenous and Local Communities Relevant to the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity; the Mo’otz Kuxtal Voluntary Guidelines for the development of mechanisms, legislation or other appropriate initiatives to ensure the “prior and informed consent”; and The Rutzolijirisaxik Voluntary Guidelines for the Repatriation of Traditional Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Relevant for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity
IPBES ILK Approach
The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) has developed the IPBES ILK Approach to guide work on indigenous and local knowledge. The IPBES Global Assessment (GA) was the first global scale assessment to engage systematically with ILK and showed that existing knowledge is fragmented and lacks integration between social and natural sciences and that integrating different world views in requires increased dialogue and agreement. IPBES has established an ILK Task Force and Technical Support Unit.
Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity. is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It is a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Nagoya Protocol sets out core obligations for its contracting Parties to take measures in relation to access to genetic resources, benefit-sharing and compliance. The Nagoya Protocol addresses traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources with provisions on access, benefit-sharing, and compliance. It also addresses genetic resources where indigenous and local communities have the established right to grant access to them. Contracting Parties should take measures to ensure these communities’ free, prior, informed consent, keeping in mind community laws and procedures as well as customary use and exchange. The Nagoya Protocol entered into force on 12 October 2014.
How to use
The Nagoya Protocol is available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian at: https://www.cbd.int/abs
Nagoya Protocol Factsheets on access and benefit sharing can be downloaded at: https://www.cbd.int/abs/factsheet
IUCN Standard on Indigenous Peoples
The Standard represents IUCN’s policy objectives with respect to indigenous peoples. It contains eight policy objectives for projects undertaken or supported by IUCN to support indigenous peoples and promote their role in conservation and management of sustainable resources.
The purpose of this Standard is to ensure that IUCN projects anticipate and avoid negative impacts on indigenous peoples or to minimise and/or compensate for impacts; take all rights and needs of indigenous peoples fully into account in project planning and implementation; and ensure that their customs, cultural and spiritual values, and perspectives on the environment are included.
IUCN guidelines for gathering of fishers’ knowledge for policy development and applied use
Small-scale fisheries provide food security, livelihoods and income to millions of people but their management still presents a challenge to managers and other stakeholders due to problems in gathering suitable information and its incorporation in fisheries policy. Fishers are a key source of knowledge for assessment of both extractive capacity and value in small-scale fisheries, in addition to providing a broad array of cultural knowledge. The increasing recognition of the value of incorporating traditional fishing knowledge in freshwater, riverine, lacustrine and coastal and marine fisheries management is now evident in international conventions and published literature. The purpose of these guidelines is to make it easier for users to recognise and include fishers’ knowledge as an important data stream in resource management. The report includes details on the breadth of knowledge that can be gathered, how it can be gathered, and how this information can be applied to support sustainable fisheries policy and broader applications in society. It contains case studies from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and the Pacific.
Other tools and resources
Confianza – clave del éxito de la cogestión entre el Estado y las Comunidades Nativas en la Reserva Comunal Amarakaeri (RCA)
REDD+ es un mecanismo para la reducción de las emisiones por deforestación y degradación forestal, que promueve la inclusión de salvaguardas ambientales y sociales, con atención a la participación plena y efectiva de pueblos indígenas y comunidades locales. En Perú surgieron iniciativas REDD que no consideraban a las organizaciones indígenas. Así nace RIA como estrategia de mitigación, adaptación y resiliencia frente al cambio climático; que contribuye con la conservación de bosques en territorios indígenas (60% del territorio peruano son bosques). Las comunidades nativas poseen 11.5M de hectáreas donde ocurre el 16.5% de la deforestación. Las Reservas Comunales surgen como estrategia para conservación de la biodiversidad en beneficio de poblaciones locales. El 2012, COICA y AIDESEP proponen un piloto RIA en la RCA, donde viven etnias Harakmbut, Yine y Machiguenga, para fortalecer la gobernanza, canalizar fondos climáticos y contribuir con la reducción de emisiones por deforestación.
Fortalecer la gobernanza para la AbE en la sub-cuenca compartida del río Sumpul (El Salvador-Honduras)
Los derechos de uso y la escasez de agua han causado conflictos en la cabecera de la subcuenca del Rio Sumpul (867 km2), compartida entre Honduras y El Salvador, lo que hace que, bajo un escenario de cambio climático, sea crucial la búsqueda de soluciones integrales que generen paz, desarrollo transfronterizo y resiliencia.
La gobernanza para la adaptación permite avanzar en esa dirección, promoviendo el trabajo multidimensional (multinivel y multisectorial), participativo, flexible y ecosistémico. Así, buscando el uso sostenible del agua como necesidad de adaptación en Sumpul, se reforzaron estructuras existentes de gobernanza, ampliando su representación, conocimientos y capacidad de gestión. A través del Comité Comunitario Binacional, se logró construir una agenda común basada en la construcción de confianza, diálogo y articulación de los actores de la cuenca alta. La agenda consideró la implementación de sistemas agroforestales y la conservación de suelos y fuentes de agua.
La Red de áreas marinas de pesca responsable de Costa Rica
La red de áreas marinas de pesca responsable es la unión de los diferentes territorios marinos bajo una forma de gobernanza compartida tanto en el Pacífico como en el Caribe costarricense. A través de esta Red, pescadores y pescadoras de toda Costa Rica participan de forma activa en la toma de decisiones referentes a la pesca responsable y la erradicación de la pobreza en las zonas costero-marinas. La Red promueve la acción colectiva de aprendizaje y busca formas de conservación marinas basadas en el respeto de los derechos humanos.
Proceso de integración de las áreas protegidas al ordenamiento territorial colombiano
Han incrementado las presiones sobre áreas protegidas (AP) poniendo en riesgo la conservación de biodiversidad y la provisión de servicios ecosistemicos. En la planificación de los modelos de ocupación del territorio, usos del suelo y desarrollo promovidos por municipios, departamentos, la nación y sectores productivos las AP estan ausentes o son percibidas como limitantes del progreso A su vez las AP siguen planificandose de limites hacia dentro aisladas de los territorios de los cuales hacen parte. Es imprescindible e inaplazable que las AP se integren en los planes de ordenamiento territorial. Nuestro proceso ha combinado acciones de tipo político, técnico y operativo. Hoy Parques Nacionales hace parte del Comté Especial Interinstucional de la Comisión de Ordenamiento Territorial de Colombia, ha logrado las AP hayan sido incluida instrumentos ordenamiento territorial municipal, departamental y nacional, desarrolla casos piloto diferentes sitios del pais y capacita diferentes actores
Desarrollo sostenible, adaptación al cambio climático y OMEC en zona buffer del Parque Nacional Tamá
El PNN Tamá es una estrella hídrica que abastece sectores productivos y comunidades de varios Departamentos al nororiente de Colombia y Estados al occidente de Venezuela. La falta desarrollo local, el conflicto armado, así como el cambio climático y la variabilidad climática han generado presiones frente al uso del suelo en la zona aledaña del PNN Tamá. Como solución, desde Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia innovamos la producción local sostenible de sistemas agrofroestales de café, el monitoreo participativo de recurso hídrico y las alianzas para la gestión de recursos, con lo cual se han fortalecido las inversiones y procesos de relacionamiento con actores estratégicos en favor de la conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos que brinda el Parque. Adicionalmente, hemos apoyado la declaratoria de Reservas Naturales de la Sociedad Civil, rodeando y protegiendo al PNN Tamá con áreas protegidas privadas manejadas por las comunidades.
Se Buscan Héroes: turismo, alianzas y comunicación para el financiamiento en áreas marinas protegidas
Cuatro organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC) integran Paralelo 28 con el objeto de captar recursos para contribuir al manejo y vigilancia de las áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) del Golfo de California. En 2016 lanzan la campaña Se Buscan Héroes en el Parque Nacional Islas Marietas, en colaboración con la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) y la Oficina de Visitantes y Convenciones de la Riviera Nayarit.
Se establecen acuerdos entre Prestadores de Servicios Turísticos (PST), OSC y gobierno para instalar un mecanismo de financiamiento que contribuya al buen manejo del ANP. PST forman la asociación Bahía Unida y aportan $40 pesos por turista al Fondo Marietas. Paralelo 28 ejecuta la campaña de comunicación reconociendo a las empresas participantes (+95%). Las OSC y el gobierno ejecutan las acciones de manejo con los fondos generados, ofreciendo transparencia y claridad en el manejo financiero e inician réplicas en otras ANP. Aumenta 5,500% el presupuesto anual.
Siembra y cosecha de agua de lluvia frente a la sequía en la Microcuenca de Huacrahuacho
Esta solución se implementó en la microcuenca Huacrahuacho, ubicada en un ecosistema altoandino llamado Puna sobre los 3.800 msnm. Se diseñó frente a los problemas de sequía y disminución de fuentes de agua, durante la época seca, para el consumo humano y el uso agropecuario. Tuvo como objetivos: captar, almacenar e infiltrar agua y recargar los acuíferos; incrementar/mantener el caudal de los manantiales; generar un microclima con mayor humedad; y conservar la biodiversidad.
La qocha, palabra quechua que significa laguna pequeña, fue el centro de un conjunto de medidas que incorporan forestación, zanjas de infiltración, manejo de pasturas naturales y acequias colectoras o aductoras.
Gracias a estas medidas construidas por las familias y a nivel comunal, se cuenta con más agua durante las épocas de estiaje, lo que ha permitido la recuperación de pastos naturales para la producción ganadera y un cambio hacia un paisaje más húmedo con mayor biodiversidad y belleza paisajística.
Conservación de páramos y bosques altoandinos para recuperar la regulación hídrica en la cuenca
Los escenarios de cambio climático en la Región Piura, anuncian escasez en la oferta hídrica, lo cual afectará a la población tanto en la parte alta (comunidad) como en la parte baja de la cuenca (usuarios del agua para riego). La solución contribuye a mejorar la resiliencia a través de acciones de conservación en los bosques de neblina y páramos (ecosistemas de montaña eficientes en la retención de agua) en la Comunidad de Samanga, para lo cual cuenta con un Área de Conservación “Bosques de Neblina y Páramos de Samanga” y su respectivo Plan de Manejo Participativo. Asimismo, se ha mejorado la capacidad adaptativa a través de acuerdos entre la comunidad y los usuarios – regantes, los que contribuyen a la sostenibilidad de las acciones de conservación (incluyendo fortalecimiento de capacidades y de desarrollo sostenible). Con esto, se busca recuperar y mantener el servicio de regulación hídrica de la cuenca del río Quiroz, sobre todo la oferta de agua en la parte baja.
GEF Small Grant programme Youth Participation
Young people can play an active role in protecting and improving the environment. They can change their lifestyle and how it affects the environment. They can make their homes, schools and youth organizations more environmentally friendly by adopting environmentally friendly practices, recycling of different materials as well as preserving resources such as water and electricity. Engaging youth in environmental protection not only creates direct impact on changing youth behaviors and attitudes, but possibly influence their parents, relatives and families.
SGP privileges the participation of children and young people as the bearers of future commitments and efforts for the global environment and sustainable development. SGP projects with environmental education and raising awareness components almost always involve schoolchildren. Children and youth actively participate in campaigns to protect species and local habitats, tree planting, creating home and community gardens, and renewable energy initiatives that provide solar power for studying – and television watching – among others.
IUCN Conservation Congress Global Youth Summit
The virtual IUCN One Nature, One Future Global Youth Summit took place April 5-16, 2021. The Summit strengthened connections between young leaders and their existing global networks, encouraged interdisciplinary learning, provided a space for broader storytelling on conservation, and added momentum to growing youth movements for nature and climate.
During this unique time of history, virtual spaces open the opportunity for greater inclusivity. Youth from around the world were invited to participate in youth-led capacity-building workshops, networking events, and contribute to an outcome document to be delivered to IUCN’s World Conservation Congress in 2021.
Young people are the engine of change. To realize the world we want, it is critical to engage and empower the voice of youth.
Global Youth Biodiversity Network
Recognized and supported by the CBD Secretariat, the Global Youth Biodiversity Network (GYBN) represents the voice of global youth in the negotiations under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), raises awareness among young people of the values of biodiversity, and connects individuals and youth organizations in order to build a global coalition to halt the loss of biodiversity.
Conservation Leadership Programme
Conservation Leadership Programme (CLP) is a partnership of three of the world’s leading biodiversity conservation organisations.
Drawing upon the expertise of conservation professionals from across the globe, we direct project funding and training to early career leaders from developing countries who are tackling priority conservation challenges.
For 38 years we have been providing important career stepping stones to over 3,100 individuals who now form an extensive global network of conservation practitioners.
What we do
We support high-priority biodiversity conservation by building the leadership skills of early career conservationists who are striving to overcome major threats to nature in places where capacity and access to resources is limited.
To achieve this, we identify and engage exceptional young conservationists, invest in their professional development through grants, training and mentoring, and help them to multiply their impact across the conservation sector.
Solutions and case studies
Community-based gorilla tourism
Different waves of Ebola killed gorillas in many important areas in Central Africa, including Odzala National park, Congo. Even worse, 2 habituated gorilla groups disappeared and left the park without this important source of potential income. The idea arose to habituate gorillas in a nearby community zone. GRASP provided matching funds to a community conservation project, and since 2012 tourists can see western lowland gorillas in the Lossi Interzone.
Forest conservation through building on indigenous knowledge
In Paraguay we have managed to combine the vision of biodiversity conservation with the restitution of ancestral lands of the Mbyaguarani indigenous people. What we have called “socioenvironmental condominium” is a sample of what can be achieved between environmental organizations and indigenous peoples. Our goals are common and can be achieve by working with those who better understand conservation in situ: native peoples.
The Role of Ecotourism in supporting socio-economic development in Ajloun Forest Reserve
Ajloun Reserve covers 12 sq km from the remaining fragile and fragmented forest patches northern Jordan. The most important component of RSCN’s solution to integrate the local communities in its conservation programs was nature-based low impact ecotourism. We developed eco-tourism infrastructure and facilities (cabins, restaurants, trails) to attract nature lovers to stay overnights in the area, which only received limited numbers of day visitors before the establishment of the reserve. We linked the reserve with the surrounding historical and cultural attractions creating benefits and alternative income to the local communities, and assisted in the rehabilitation of local houses located along the hiking trails as stop points for food and beverage. Our ecotourism product depends on natural and cultural resources, low level of technology with low negative impact on nature respecting the sites carrying capacity.
Palau’s Protected Areas Network Act
The solution establishes a nationwide framework that empowers communities to designate and manage marine and terrestrial protected areas in cooperation with partners. It provides standards, criteria, application processes, and technical and financial assistance for management and monitoring of sites.
Monitoring Fish Landings by Coastal Communities
Lack of data on artisanal fisheries landings is a common element in tropical countries. The Participatory Monitoring Program includes the gathering and synthesis of biological information by organized groups of artisanal fishers. Multi-year data gathered by the fishers is presented and discussed with the community to highlight information on species, minimum sizes, volumes, trends and seasonality in the captures. This process has resulted in significant changes in fishing practices and management.
OASIIS: Opening Access to Sustainable Independent Income Streams
Social Capital is a critical resource and is the basic building blocks of society, including the economy. At Assist Social Capital (ASC) we put social capital first, and apply it’s principles to the sustainable development solution: OASIIS.
OASIIS is an innovative online platform which aims to promote sustainable economies for the prosperity of people and planet.
Businesses run by social entrepreneurs hold huge potential for driving positive change in our global communities however those which have positive social and/or environmental impacts, struggle to report on their impact and access the capital needed to start, grow and expand their businesses.
By measuring and showcasing the socio-economic footprint of social businesses across protected areas and connecting social entrepreneurs with each other, and with social investors we aim to attract social investment into these areas and stimulate new responsible Protected Area markets and therefore resilience.
Synthesizing Australian Indigenous Biocultural Knowledge
An endnote bibliographic database was created to synthesise Australian Indigenous Biocultural Knowledge (IBK) from existing publicly available documents. This is now available in one place at www.aibk.info for people to search what IBK exists and in what areas (spatially) via an interactive map. Case studies of IBK are also showcased on this website.
Strengthening Caribbean fisherfolk
Fisheries governance involving fishers in the Caribbean region, promotes the participation of fishers in fisheries management processes and allows for the inclusion of the knowledge, experience and interest of fishers into fisheries policy and law. Problems associated with management regimes that excluded fisher participation include fisher marginalization, negative impacts on fisher livelihoods and related social, economic, food and nutrition issues.
Communication as a tool for local governance in the Gulf of Tribugá
Community outreach and engagement strategies for the management of mangroves have been promoted in the Gulf of Tribugá, seeking the well-being of the local communities, the preservation of their culture and the protection of natural resources.
Effective Public Outreach Campaign about Sanjay Gandhi National Park
SGNP is amongst the most visited protected wilderness areas in the world (1.2 mio. entry tickets being sold on a yearly average). In spite of this, public awareness about SGNP has been very low. I have teamed up with the management of SGNP on a wide spectrum project to reach out to many people and get them involved in the park. We initiated an education and awareness campaign with website, print media etc., for the public (through overnight camps, guided walks etc.) and decision makers.
From threatened to thriving: how ecotourism saved Jabal Moussa mountain
In 2007, following an attempt to blast a road in the heart of the mountain known as Jabal Moussa, the Association for the Protection of Jabal Moussa (APJM) NGO was established to protect the mountain from increasing pressures, within challenging socio-economic and political contexts. APJM negotiated and funded a lease contract with religious endowments to rent large swaths of the mountain, and Jabal Moussa was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2009. Inspired by the Man and Biosphere Programme, APJM launched a community-based ecotourism program the same year, engaging several local community members. From a previously neglected and threatened area, Jabal Mousa became a well conserved touristic destination, welcoming 20,000 visitors in 2017, and increasingly contributing to the wellbeing of its local communities. Despite the very fragile law enforcement framework, Jabal Moussa is today thriving due to the engagement of the local community and the support of the general public.
Junior Ranger and Web Ranger Programs
The activity based Junior Ranger program is hosted in almost all American national parks. Many parks offer young visitors the opportunity to join the National Park Service “family” as Junior Rangers.
Youth complete a series of activities at a park visit, share their answers with a park ranger, and receive an official badge and certificate. Junior Rangers are typically 5 to 13 years old, but all ages are welcomed!
The WebRanger program lets the user become a Junior Ranger from anywhere. Users will have the opportunity to set up their ranger station online and participate in over 70 activities.
