In 2016, the term UUU (unselective, unsustainable and unmonitored) fishing was developed and a Resolution of the World Conservation Congress, adopted by Members, tasked IUCN’s Species Survival Commission with reporting on the concept. The resulting situation analysis utilises the trawl fisheries of China, Thailand and Vietnam to explore how some of the issues associated with UUU fishing can be linked back to these three elements. The report found considerable variation in each component of UUU across the case study countries but that uncontrolled fishery development resulting in excess fishing capacity is commonly a root cause, leaving long standing impacts which have proven very challenging to solve. Whilst the report does not provide recommendations for action, it does identify 14 areas where further work would help accelerate progress on sustainable use, the protection of species of conservation concern and help safeguard the marine ecosystem.

The Species Use Database (SpUD) has been created by the IUCN Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group (SULi) to help address this problem by collecting and synthesising information on the utilization of wild species globally, and specifically on the sustainability of that use.

The database is intended to appeal to a broad spectrum of users, from those in policy and decision-making, to academia and educators, conservation practitioners, civil society and NGOs, as well as any individuals interested and keen to learn more about the use of wild species. The individual records – and the periodic syntheses of these – can be used to guide and feed into sound policies and decision-making, that enhance legal, sustainable, equitable wildlife management practices and draw attention to those that are illegal, unsustainable and inequitable.

WILDLABS is home to the global conservation technology community of 8,600 people in 120 countries discussing 1,500 topics like biologging, camera traps, and machine learning. With engaging spaces to ask questions and collaborate together, share your own work, and discover new ideas and innovations, WILDLABS is your platform to connect with #Tech4Wildlife experts and projects from around the world.

ShellBank has shown that, with complete Rookery and In-Water databases, we can get an understanding of connected nesting populations, marine stock boundaries and which populations have been impacted by poaching. By comparing across databases it will be possible to accurately trace the population origin, enhance a country’s enforcement efforts against illegal traders, and advance marine turtle conservation at national and regional levels.

The IWC Strandings Initiative was established following a multi-disciplinary expert workshop in 2016.  The workshop discussed how best to develop practical guidance on handling cetacean strandings and concluded that an international Strandings Initiative should be established under the auspices of the IWC, incorporating the skills and experiences of strandings experts from a range of different countries around the world.

Traditional food markets, rather than supermarkets, are the norm in many parts of the world. Such markets form part of the social fabric of communities and are a main source of affordable fresh foods for many low-income groups and an important source of livelihoods for millions of urban and rural dwellers worldwide.

Traditional food markets that are regulated by national or local competent authorities and that operate to high standards of hygiene and sanitation are safe for workers and customers.
Significant problems can arise when these markets allow the sale and slaughter of live animals, especially wild animals, which cannot be properly assessed for potential risks – in
areas open to the public. When wild animals are kept in cages or pens, slaughtered and dressed in open market areas, these areas become contaminated with body fluids, faeces and other waste, increasing the risk of transmission of pathogens to workers and customers and potentially resulting in spill over of pathogens to other animals in the market.

Such environments provide the opportunity for animal viruses, including coronaviruses, to amplify themselves and transmit to new hosts, including humans.

In September 2021 the International Alliance against Health Risks and Wildlife Trade was launched as an inclusive and interdisciplinary platform at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Marseille. Within the first year, more than 100 national and international political, academic and civil society organizations, have joined as members, confirming their commitment to our two central goals.

The Alliance is driven by evidence-based insight, and we address the entire wildlife trade spectrum: from hunting and handling, through trading to consuming wildlife and its products. To reduce the risks of future outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics.

The Alliance helps to join forces for a common cause and expand each member’s radius. We offer matchmaking among members to enable new collaboration and partnership. We translate scientific evidence and insights from local knowledge into concrete policy recommendations.

This report reviews, describes and evaluates the different monitoring options that are available for obtaining counts of the number of cetacean bycatches that occur in European fisheries. Three methods were adjudged able to obtain these data: self-reporting by fishers, atsea observers, and remote electronic monitoring (REM) systems with CCTV. Of these, only the data collected by at-sea observers or REM can be collected independently of the fishers and only REM allows later verification of the bycatch events as often as required. Therefore, in this report these two methods are more fully described and compared against each other in terms of ability to collect the required data and of the costs associated with running a cetacean monitoring programme.

A description of the different components associated with electronic monitoring was also presented as there has often been confusion about what constitutes electronic monitoring and electronic recording and why a verification tool is necessary. Only a REM system with integrated satellite tracking, fishing activity sensors, and closed-circuit television cameras (CCTV), was considered a full remote electronic monitoring system with verification.

The increasing amount of debris in the world’s oceans has become a major cause for concern. There are many different types of marine debris.  It travels freely and does not recognise national boundaries, which means international collaboration is essential to any attempts to address the issue effectively.

Whale disentanglement is complex and dangerous. It involves small boat handling, ropes under high tension, sharp blades and panicked wild animals. There are safety and legal protocols, and a number of detailed assessments must be made including condition of the animal, nature of the entanglement, weather and conditions, and available resources.

The IWC brings together the leaders of established national disentanglement programmes. They share their knowledge and expertise to develop best practice protocols which are used to train nominees and build professional and effective response capacity in other parts of the world where entanglements occur.

Bycatch is a major conservation and welfare issue for cetaceans in European waters. Harbour porpoises and common dolphins are frequently reported to be bycaught in static nets (gillnets and entangling nets) and trawls. Despite European legislation to monitor and mitigate cetacean bycatch in fisheries where it has a negative impact on the conservation status of a species, bycatch still occurs at high rates in several fisheries in the ASCOBANS Agreement Area. The lack of compliance by some countries has resulted in legal challenges from the European Commission for implementation of the required measures.

There are two main parts covered in this report. The first part reviews different mitigation measures (acoustic deterrent devices, porpoise alerting devices, reflective nets, acrylic echo enhancers, lights and various technical modifications and changes to fishing practices) that have been trialled in the ASCOBANS region. The cost of implementation and pros and cons of each method are discussed in detail in the relevant sections.

The second part of the report reviews alternative fishing methods to replace static nets (i.e. gillnets and entangling nets). The cost of implementation, and pros and cons of the different gears, are discussed in depth in the relevant sections.

The largest cause of small cetacean mortality is bycatch, the incidental capture of non-target species such as dolphins, marine turtles, and seabirds. An estimated 300,000 cetaceans are killed in commercial fisheries each year, therefore preventing fisheries bycatch should be a top priority to ensure the conservation of species or populations. However, the threat of bycatch has yet to be eliminated, so these guidelines provide a practical tool to minimize its impacts by guiding fishers in the safe release of small cetaceans entangled in their gear, thus decreasing the risk of further injury or stress and increasing the chances of post-release survival.