Le plan de conservation des cycadées de la Colombie vise à ce que d’ici 2025 les cycadées soient reconnues comme groupe emblématique pour la conservation, et que des stratégies soient mises en œuvre pour assurer la viabilité à long terme des espèces menacées. La Colombie présente une très grande diversité et s’est dotée d’une stratégie nationale pour la conservation de certaines plantes. Les cycadées sont les plantes les plus menacées de la planète, et la Colombie est le pays le plus riche en zamias, une famille de cycadées.  Le plan de conservation constitue une initiative interinstitutionnelle qui s’articule autour de 4 volets : 1) acquisition de connaissances, 2) communication et éducation, 3) prise de mesures de conservation et 4) élaboration d’outils de gestion. Il reste des défis importants à relever, mais les progrès sont encourageants et montrent comment, en favorisant la conservation d’espèces emblématiques, il est possible de contribuer à la conservation globale de la biodiversité.

The coral reef around Europa island is one of the world’s rare reefs that remain in a near pristine condition. Its conservation is both a priority and a logistic challenge due to its remoteness. The frequency of visual surveys (a snapshot every 3 to 5 years) is insufficient to support its effective management. Indeed, accelerating effects of climate change and temporal dynamics of reef populations require frequent monitoring. Moreover, visual surveys are expensive and provide only partial information.

In April 2018, we installed an autonomous acoustic monitoring station on Europa’s reef at 12 m depth. A hydrophone continuously records the soundscape. Data are transmitted to a terrestrial station, providing a near real-time information about the state of the ecosystem. To understand how variations in soundscape relate to ecosystem state, ecoacoustic indices were determined by coupling acoustic and visual surveys (videos for fishes, 3D modelling for habitat) on 9 sites around the island.

The intersection of Web 3.0 technologies and conservation presents new opportunities to enhance transparency, accountability, funding mechanisms, and community engagement. As conservation challenges grow more complex, innovative tools like blockchain, DAOs, IoT, gamification, and tokenisation can provide scalable, verifiable, and impactful solutions. This document explores how these technologies align with the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) targets and actions, offering conservation practitioners, policymakers, and innovators a clear roadmap for implementation.

The Navigating Web 3.0 Guide is an interactive and user-friendly resource designed for conservationists to explore how Web 3.0 technologies can support their work. Web 3.0 is used here as an umbrella term for a set of emerging technologies that offer new ways to manage data, funding, and decision-making with greater transparency, accountability, and trust. The guide introduces blockchain, smart contracts, decentralised applications (DApps), decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs), Internet of Things (IoT), gamification, the metaverse, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs).

Crucially, the guide was developed to address common barriers that limit engagement with these technologies. These include a lack of understanding of Web 3.0 concepts, the use of terminology that feels misaligned with conservation priorities, and limited access to tailored, sector-relevant guidance. These barriers often prevent conservation organisations from recognising the practical relevance and value of emerging technologies in their work.

The guide identifies 34 potential routes for strengthening data collection and management, resource allocation and financial sustainability, collaboration and communication, and monitoring and evaluation. These four areas reflect core operational functions for effective conservation action. It also presents eight key considerations for adopting new technologies, along with real-world case studies that showcase how these tools are already being applied. A glossary of terms and a reference list support further exploration and learning.

This tool is designed to help organisations ask the right questions, identify technologies that are most relevant to their specific context, and build confidence in navigating this emerging space. It provides a clear and structured entry point for learning and strategic direction. By focusing attention on the technologies most suited to an organisation’s needs, it enables conservation teams to explore further with purpose and clarity, whether independently or through technical support.

While developed for a wide range of conservation applications, the tool can also support species-focused efforts by helping organisations identify technologies that strengthen field monitoring, increase data transparency, and track conservation actions and results. These same approaches can enhance community engagement, real-time data collection, funding transparency, and education, and support conservation impact at local and landscape levels.

What is Web 3.0?

Web 3.0 is the next evolution of the internet. It shifts control away from centralised platforms and gives individuals, organisations, and communities more choice in how they manage information, funding, and decisions. Rather than relying on a single system or company, Web 3.0 technologies create shared spaces where data can be verified, resources can flow directly to results, and multiple partners can collaborate with greater transparency and trust.

These technologies work together as part of a wider shift. For example, blockchain creates records that cannot be changed, while smart contracts can automatically release funding when conservation targets are met. Tools known as decentralised platforms allow users to share and access data directly, without needing a central authority. Digital certificates, sometimes referred to as NFTs, can represent ownership of outcomes or trace the origin of a product. These systems reduce the need for intermediaries and increase the credibility of conservation work.

Web 3.0 also supports more participatory and inclusive ways of working. New digital governance models, such as DAOs, allow communities to have a say in how resources are used. Devices connected through the Internet of Things (IoT) can send real-time data from the field to a shared platform, improving decision-making across teams. Other tools are designed to bring people into conservation through gamified platforms, education tools, or immersive experiences. When combined, these technologies make it easier to engage partners, verify results, and fund conservation in ways that are trusted, inclusive, and scalable.

Why it matters for conservation

Web 3.0 technologies are creating new ways for conservation organisations to work more transparently, efficiently, and inclusively. These tools support real-time data collection, transparent payments, and automatic checks to confirm that conservation work has taken place. They make it easier to monitor progress across different systems, reduce duplication, and scale projects while still ensuring accountability.

A key benefit of these technologies is that they allow information to be stored and shared in ways that are open and trusted. Conservation actions can be tracked over time, with digital records showing who was involved, when actions took place, and what results were achieved. These records cannot be changed after the fact, which helps build trust between partners. They also reduce the need for intermediaries by linking funding directly to verified results through tools like smart contracts.

Web 3.0 also supports better coordination across organisations and platforms. Open systems make it easier to connect different tools, while shared data standards help everyone work from the same information. Organisations can choose the technologies that best fit their needs and adopt them gradually. At the same time, new forms of digital identity can help recognise the role of local communities and individuals, ensuring their contributions are visible and valued.

Together, these functions support the implementation of the Global Biodiversity Framework by enabling measurable outcomes, strengthening inclusive governance, and unlocking new models of conservation finance. This includes milestone-based funding, biodiversity credits, and regenerative finance models that tie investment to lasting conservation results.

Supporting species conservation

These technologies are also helping conservationists and communities respond more quickly and effectively to threats facing species. Tools such as sensors and trackers can monitor wildlife in real time, giving teams the information they need to act fast. Blockchain systems and smart contracts can verify when key goals have been met, helping ensure that funding is released only when outcomes are delivered. This improves transparency and helps ensure resources are used effectively.

Web 3.0 also makes it easier for people to work together. Shared platforms allow different groups to access and contribute to the same information, while open-source tools reduce the costs of participation. Digital records and reputation systems can help highlight local leadership, showing clearly who is taking action and where. These tools can also support greater public engagement, through gamified systems, digital storytelling, or immersive learning environments that help people connect with conservation challenges in new ways.

These technologies have the potential to protect species more effectively, strengthen partnerships, and build long-term support for conservation because they can directly contribute to key goals of the Global Biodiversity Framework. This includes targets on data transparency (Target 21), sustainable funding (Target 19), inclusive governance (Target 22), species monitoring (Target 4), equitable benefit sharing (Target 13), and environmental education (Target 16).

Technologies and Case Studies

Blockchain and Smart Contracts

Blockchain acts as a secure, tamper-proof ledger that enables conservationists to track and verify data, funding, and ownership transparently. It helps prevent fraud, ensures funding reaches the right recipients, and secures land tenure records, preventing disputes that could threaten conservation projects. Smart contracts automate payments for conservation milestones, such as verified reforestation, ensuring efficient and accountable funding distribution. These technologies empower local communities by enabling direct, verifiable payments for conservation efforts, reducing reliance on intermediaries. Blockchain is also valuable in tracking supply chains, authenticating sustainably sourced products, and ensuring traceability from origin to consumer, preventing illegal trade and fraud. Additionally, blockchain can be integrated with monitoring and evaluation frameworks, enabling real-time financial tracking tied to measurable conservation outcomes. Tokenisation of real-world assets, such as carbon credits, biodiversity units, and land rights, provides a new funding model, allowing conservation organisations and communities to unlock financial value from natural assets. While blockchain increases transparency, concerns exist about its environmental impact and integration challenges. However, when used effectively, blockchain strengthens trust, ensures sustainable funding, and enhances accountability in conservation finance.

Discover how your organisation could apply blockchain to build trust, improve traceability, and drive positive conservation impact through the Navigating Web 3.0 Guide for conservationists.

Case Study: GainForest uses blockchain and AI to enable sustainable funding streams for Indigenous and local communities leading environmental projects worldwide. Through a marketplace called Ecocertain, communities create ecocerts to showcase their verifiable conservation work and receive funding directly and in real-time without middlemen. To ensure credibility, GainForest develops an AI impact evaluation system that reviews projects through field data, satellite imagery, and community reports. This system connects donors who want to see real results to local environmental efforts, which enables transparent funding while cutting out bureaucracy. GainForest is also co-creating the Nature Guild, a decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) that transfers governance to local communities, ensuring nature stewards at the forefront of conservation have final decision-making authority over their own financial flows, knowledge sharing, and resource allocation.

Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs)

Decentralised Autonomous Organisations or DAOs enable decentralised governance in conservation by allowing stakeholders to collectively manage funding and decision-making through blockchain-based voting. These organisations improve transparency and reduce administrative bottlenecks, ensuring resources are distributed fairly. By giving local communities a direct voice in conservation decisions, DAOs empower those closest to conservation challenges, ensuring local knowledge guides resource management. They also enhance financial sustainability by enabling self-sustaining funding pools that support long-term conservation efforts without reliance on external donors. DAOs also support collaboration and communication by creating transparent decision-making structures that include multiple stakeholders, ensuring collective accountability. Additionally, tokenised assets within DAOs allow local communities to hold direct stakes in conservation projects, ensuring that they benefit financially from biodiversity conservation and sustainable land management. However, challenges include ensuring broad participation, preventing governance manipulation, maintaining efficiency in decision-making, and addressing legal recognition of DAOs as formal entities within regulatory frameworks. When structured well, DAOs provide an equitable way to manage conservation resources while building trust and accountability.

Discover how your organisation could explore decentralised governance models such as DAOs to support inclusive decision-making and drive positive conservation impact through the Navigating Web 3.0 Guide for conservationists.

Case Study: The Regen Network is governed by a DAO that enables community-led decision-making on ecological asset issuance and land restoration initiatives. Token holders participate in governance, ensuring that conservation funding and carbon credit systems remain transparent, accountable, and science-driven. By using blockchain, Regen Network provides a decentralised marketplace where land stewards can validate and trade ecological credits, fostering financial sustainability for conservation. This governance model reduces reliance on centralised authorities, empowering local communities to take direct action in managing and benefiting from conservation efforts. Regen Network exemplifies how DAOs can create an equitable and verifiable system for environmental stewardship.

Decentralised Applications (DApps)

Decentralised Applications or DApps operate on blockchain networks without central control, providing secure, transparent platforms for conservation initiatives. They can facilitate peer-to-peer carbon credit trading, biodiversity data management, and direct donor-to-project transactions, helping measure and verify conservation impact. By eliminating intermediaries, DApps ensure funds and resources reach intended recipients efficiently and transparently. These applications also enhance decentralised conservation reporting, allowing local communities, scientists, and funders to collectively validate data on biodiversity changes and conservation outcomes. Additionally, DApps improve resource allocation and financial management by enabling conservation organisations to track grants, disbursements, and expenditures in real time, increasing accountability and reducing waste. However, their success depends on accessibility, blockchain literacy, and a user-friendly design. When tailored to conservation needs, DApps enhance trust, accountability, and effective funding distribution.

Discover how your organisation could explore decentralised applications to improve collaboration, data sharing, and positive conservation impact through the Navigating Web 3.0 Guide for conservationists.

Case Study: Open Forest Protocol (OFP) is a decentralised platform designed to increase the transparency, efficiency, and accessibility of reforestation efforts worldwide. Built on the NEAR blockchain, OFP enables local communities and project developers to collect standardised forest data using mobile applications, which is then independently verified through a broad and expanding peer review network of forest-technology companies and practitioners and permanently recorded on-chain. This model enhances trust in reforestation outcomes and promotes greater inclusion in carbon finance, supporting long-term stewardship and livelihood opportunities. While OFP’s current focus is on reforestation under its Afforestation, Reforestation, and Revegetation (ARR) methodology, the platform’s open architecture offers a blueprint for how decentralised applications can contribute to broader biodiversity goals. By lowering technical and financial barriers, embedding transparency into environmental monitoring, and centring community governance, OFP demonstrates how emerging technologies can support enabling conditions for species recovery and ecosystem restoration.

Gamification

Gamification integrates rewards, challenges, and progress tracking to encourage conservation participation. Gamification is enhanced by using blockchain-based tokens, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and decentralised finance models to verify and reward contributions, such as biodiversity monitoring or citizen science efforts. Tokenisation allows for real-world conservation incentives, such as impact-based rewards. Gamification leverages core principles of immersion, education, and engagement to build communities around conservation efforts. By incorporating interactive learning tools, fun challenges, and game-based storytelling, gamification can enhance environmental education and encourage sustained participation. Immersive experiences, such as conservation-themed digital games and virtual rewards, help connect users emotionally to conservation challenges. This approach ensures that conservation actions feel rewarding while fostering long-term behavioural change. However, gamification must be designed to encourage real-world impact rather than superficial participation. When structured effectively, it can increase engagement, strengthen conservation communities, and create measurable conservation impact.

Discover how your organisation could use gamified tools to engage new audiences, inspire action, and drive positive conservation impact through the Navigating Web 3.0 Guide for conservationists.

Case Study: FathomVerse is a mobile game designed to inspire a new wave of ocean explorers. It invites players to interact with real underwater imagery while contributing to science. The ocean is the largest habitable ecosystem on the planet, yet up to 60% of its species remain undocumented. FathomVerse helps address this gap by turning mobile gameplay into meaningful scientific data. With immersive visuals, research-based mini-games, and a growing global player community, the game draws users into the world of ocean science. It is especially focused on reaching learners from high school age and above, offering a simple and engaging way to learn about marine biodiversity and contribute to real-world research.

Since launching in 2024, FathomVerse has engaged more than 30,000 players across 173 countries and produced over 15 million annotations. The most recent version introduces new features that enhance participation, strengthen community connection, and expand scientific value. Players classify animals, draw bounding boxes, and tag behaviours, helping researchers train artificial intelligence models that improve biodiversity monitoring. With each interaction, users build skills, explore new knowledge, and contribute to a growing body of data that supports ocean conservation. FathomVerse shows how education, participation, and technology can come together to support species discovery and long-term stewardship of marine ecosystems.

Metaverse

The metaverse provides immersive environments for conservation awareness, education, and collaboration. Virtual experiences allow users to explore ecosystems, track migrations, and understand environmental issues in an engaging way. These tools can be used for training, stakeholder engagement, and fundraising, helping conservationists reach a wider audience. Conservationists can also develop virtual twins of protected areas to model ecosystem changes, test interventions, and simulate different conservation scenarios before applying them in the real world. Virtual collaborations create opportunities for cross-border conservation efforts, allowing diverse stakeholders to engage in shared initiatives despite geographical barriers. The metaverse also provides opportunities for financial sustainability through digital assets, sponsorships, and gamification, allowing conservation organisations to generate revenue while fostering engagement. Blockchain integration ensures traceability and accountability, creating new funding mechanisms that support long-term conservation efforts. However, barriers such as accessibility and the energy consumption of virtual platforms need consideration. When used strategically, the metaverse can inspire empathy and drive international support for conservation efforts.

Discover how your organisation could explore immersive platforms like the metaverse to support education, training, and positive conservation impact through the Navigating Web 3.0 Guide for conservationists.

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

Non-fungible tokens, NFTs function as digital certificates of ownership recorded on a blockchain. In conservation, they verify the authenticity of scientific records, conservation impact reports, and land ownership documents. Unlike traditional collectibles, NFTs can also be dynamic, updating with real-world conservation progress, such as forest regrowth. By integrating smart contracts, NFTs ensure transparent transactions and fund allocation, helping conservationists create sustainable income streams. NFTs also allow for the tokenisation of real-world conservation assets, such as protected land, carbon credits, or species adoptions, providing new financial mechanisms for long-term funding. Some conservation-focused NFTs incorporate royalty mechanisms, ensuring a percentage of resales continues to fund conservation initiatives. However, concerns exist about speculation and environmental impact, making it essential to use sustainable blockchain solutions and focus on NFTs as verification tools rather than speculative assets. By framing NFTs as digital certification tools, they can help build trust, support sustainable funding, and create transparent conservation impact measurement systems.

Discover how your organisation could apply NFTs and digital certificates to verify outcomes, trace contributions, and drive positive conservation impact through the Navigating Web 3.0 Guide for conservationists.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as GPS trackers and environmental sensors, provide real-time conservation data, helping monitor wildlife movements, habitat conditions, and poaching threats. These tools improve conservation monitoring and evaluation by ensuring accurate, tamper-proof data collection. When combined with blockchain, IoT ensures data integrity and traceability, reducing the risk of tampering and increasing accountability. IoT devices combined with AI can enhance predictive analytics, enabling conservationists to anticipate poaching risks, habitat degradation, and climate threats based on real-time sensor data. This strengthens conservation planning and enforcement while supporting impact measurement. Additionally, IoT devices can enhance data collection and management by integrating diverse environmental metrics into unified conservation databases, providing a more holistic view of ecosystem health. However, challenges include data security, connectivity in remote areas, and ethical considerations in data collection. Used effectively, IoT strengthens conservation monitoring, improves collaborations, and ensures transparent environmental data reporting.

Discover how your organisation could use connected devices and real-time data systems to strengthen monitoring and drive positive conservation impact through the Navigating Web 3.0 Guide for conservationists.

Case Study: Connected Conservation Foundation’s initiative has deployed Africa’s largest IoT-powered network to support wildlife protection and community-led conservation across 3 million hectares in Kenya’s Northern Rangelands Trust (NRT). The system utilises LoRaWAN gateways, high-bandwidth communications, and 600+ IoT sensors to enable real-time monitoring across NRT’s 22 community-led conservancies and four private reserves. These tools help rangers track endangered species, prevent poaching, and regulate tourism and grazing. By integrating technology with local stewardship, the network strengthens community collaboration, ecosystem resilience, and sustainable conservation management. This initiative is a collaboration between Northern Rangelands Trust, Cisco, Actility, Dimension Data, 51 Degrees, EarthRanger, INL, and the European Union.

Alignment of Web 3.0 Technologies with GBF Targets and GSAP Actions

GBF Target 1: Plan and Manage All Areas to Reduce Biodiversity Loss

• Action 1.1: Develop and implement participatory, integrated, and biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning processes.
  • Blockchain
    • Ensures transparent and tamper-proof records of land use and spatial plans, allowing stakeholders to track conservation commitments and prevent land disputes.
  • Metaverse
    • Enables virtual simulations of biodiversity planning scenarios, helping stakeholders visualise and refine conservation strategies before implementation.
  • Action 1.2: Implement awareness-raising campaigns to promote biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning.Gamification
    • Engages the public in conservation planning through interactive storytelling, rewards, and community participation tools.
  • Metaverse
    • Provides immersive education experiences to demonstrate the impact of land-use decisions on biodiversity.

GBF Target 4: Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts

• Action 4.1: Implement monitoring systems to track species populations and health.
  • IoT
    • Uses sensor networks and real-time monitoring to track species movements, detect poaching threats, and assess population health.
    • LoRaWAN networks enable localised, low-power IoT connectivity, allowing conservationists to monitor remote habitats cost-effectively.
  • Blockchain
    • Provides a verifiable ledger of biodiversity data, ensuring data integrity and enabling open access for conservation research.
  • Blockchain & DApps
    • Facilitates payments for ecosystem services, such as human-wildlife conflict mitigation activities, through transparent smart contract mechanisms. A rewards-based system can incentivise conservation-friendly practices by compensating local communities for successful coexistence strategies.

GBF Target 5: Ensure Sustainable, Safe, and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species

• Action 5.1: Strengthen monitoring and compliance mechanisms to prevent illegal wildlife trade.
  • Blockchain, Smart Contracts & IoT
    • Combining blockchain, smart contracts, and IoT ensures sustainable harvesting practices by enabling real-time monitoring, compliance automation, and transparent trade records. Blockchain provides immutable records of wild species harvesting and trade, ensuring legality and sustainability. Smart contracts automate compliance checks and enforce sustainable quotas through transparent digital agreements. IoT devices capture real-time environmental and species data, enabling adaptive management and informed decision-making to maintain ecological balance.

GBF Target 6: Reduce the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species by 50% and Minimise Their Impact

• Action 6.1: Implement early detection and rapid response systems for invasive species.
  • IoT & Blockchain
    • Uses IoT devices for early detection of invasive species, with data recorded on a blockchain for real-time monitoring and coordinated response.

GBF Target 8: Minimise the Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity

• Action 8.1: Enhance voluntary carbon markets to support climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation.
  • Blockchain
    • Ensures transparency in carbon credit and biodiversity net gain credit trading (including water, biodiversity, and ecosystems) by verifying transactions and preventing double counting.
  • DApps
    • Facilitates decentralised carbon credit and biodiversity net gain credit trading, ensuring equitable participation and direct transactions between buyers and conservation projects.
  • Metaverse
    • Runs simulations and digital twins to better manage resources, understand global systems, and assess their impact. This technology engages a large, diverse audience through virtual and immersive experiences, building knowledge and fostering a stronger connection to climate-related issues.

GBF Target 9: Manage Wild Species Sustainably to Benefit People

• Action 9.1: Promote sustainable management practices for wild species to support local communities.
  • DAOs
    • Facilitates transparent governance, enabling local communities to have a direct voice in decision-making and ensuring equitable management of wild species.
  • Gamification & Metaverse
    • Builds interactive programs to engage local communities, fostering excitement and deeper connections with nature while promoting conservation awareness.
    • Encourages grassroots communities to take action through immersive experiences and interactive storytelling.
  • Tokenised Reward Systems
    • Integrates reward-based incentives through DAOs or credit-based systems, ensuring communities receive fair compensation for their conservation efforts and contributions.
  • Decentralised Platforms
    • Facilitates community-based management of wild species, ensuring equitable benefit-sharing and data transparency.

GBF Target 10: Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry

• Action 10.1: Strengthen sustainability practices in agricultural and fisheries supply chains.
  • Blockchain
    • Ensures supply chain transparency, tracing products from farm to consumer to verify sustainable sourcing.

GBF Target 11: Restore, Maintain, and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People

• Action 11.1: Develop incentive-based approaches to restore and maintain ecosystem services.
  • Gamification & Metaverse
    • Encourages people to engage with the natural world through immersive experiences, interactive education programs, and digital storytelling.
    • Fosters grassroots conservation communities, inspiring collective action and local environmental stewardship.
    • Enables reward-based systems through DAOs or credit-based mechanisms, ensuring individuals and communities are incentivised for positive conservation actions.
  • Tokenisation of Ecosystem Services
    • Develops tokenised systems to value and trade ecosystem services, promoting ecosystem restoration and conservation efforts.

GBF Target 12: Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity

• Action 12.1: Manage green and blue spaces to maximise their value for species and connectivity.
  • Metaverse
    • Provides virtual models for urban planners to assess the impact of green infrastructure on biodiversity.
  • IoT
    • Monitors environmental conditions in urban ecosystems, tracking air quality, soil health, and species interactions. Integrates real-time monitoring with AI-driven data analysis and predictive models to assess urban biodiversity trends, identify risks, and optimise conservation efforts.

GBF Target 13: Increase the Sharing of Benefits from Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information, and Traditional Knowledge

• Action 13.1: Ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing of genetic resources and traditional knowledge.
  • Metaverse
    • Traditional knowledge can be shared and brought to life through immersive experiences, education programs, and community-building initiatives that engage wide audiences.
  • Blockchain
    • Ensures transparent and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge.

GBF Target 14: Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level

• Action 14.1: Incorporate species values into whole-government policy and national accounting systems.
  • Blockchain
    • Records and tracks biodiversity metrics, ensuring transparent and immutable data integration into national biodiversity policies. Supports tokenisation of real-world assets, enabling biodiversity credit payments to be verified through blockchain for transparent financial transactions.
  • DApps
    • Facilitates decentralised biodiversity reporting, ensuring real-time accessibility of conservation data and integrating tokenised assets into national conservation finance mechanisms.
  • Action 14.2: Strengthen sustainability standards and corporate accountability for biodiversity impact.
    • Blockchain
      • Enables full supply chain traceability, ensuring products are sustainably sourced and preventing illegal exploitation of natural resources.
    • Smart Contracts
      • Automates fair payments to communities engaged in conservation efforts, ensuring transparency and preventing financial leakages.
    • Tokenisation
      • Creates digital proof of biodiversity-positive supply chains, allowing businesses to verify and showcase their sustainability commitments.

GBF Target 15: Businesses Assess, Disclose, and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts

• Action 15.1: Require businesses to disclose and mitigate their biodiversity impacts.
  • Blockchain for ESG Reporting
    • Provides immutable and transparent tracking of corporate biodiversity impacts, enabling businesses to verify their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) commitments.

GBF Target 16: Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices to Reduce Waste and Overconsumption

• Action 16.1: Promote consumer awareness and responsible consumption choices.
  • Gamification & Metaverse
    • Develops interactive education programs to engage consumers, making sustainable consumption choices more accessible and rewarding.
    • Encourages community-building through immersive storytelling, fostering collective action toward biodiversity-friendly consumption habits.
    • Uses gamified incentives and virtual experiences to create lasting behaviour change and promote conscious consumerism.
  • DApps for Consumer Awareness
    • Develops decentralised applications that inform consumers about the biodiversity impacts of products, promoting sustainable consumption behaviours. Integrates reward-based systems that incentivise individuals who undertake positive conservation activities, ensuring ongoing engagement and impact.

GBF Target 19: Mobilise $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity from All Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance

• Action 19.1: Develop and implement financial mechanisms to support biodiversity conservation.
  • NFTs
    • Generates funding through conservation-linked digital assets, with resale royalties providing sustained financial support for projects.
  • Blockchain
    • Ensures transparent tracking of conservation funding, direct payments to local conservation initiatives, and tokenisation of real-world assets for biodiversity financing. Empowers unbanked communities by enabling direct digital payments for conservation work, verified through blockchain-based land tenure systems.
  • DAOs
    • Facilitates community-led funding pools and transparent financial governance, ensuring equitable and sustainable conservation financing through decentralised mechanisms.
  • DApps
    • Supports direct peer-to-peer conservation financing by enabling transparent, automated, and trustless transactions for biodiversity protection.
  • eDNA & Blockchain Verification
    • Enhances biodiversity credit verification by using environmental DNA (eDNA) to authenticate conservation impact on-chain, ensuring credibility for investors and regulatory bodies.
  • Action 19.2: Unlock corporate and investment funding through transparent sustainability mechanisms.
    • Blockchain & Smart Contracts
      • Provide immutable proof of conservation efforts, ensuring corporate ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) funds are directed to verified projects.
    • Tokenised Environmental Credits
      • Allow investors to engage in conservation finance through tradeable digital credits, including carbon credits, biodiversity net gain credits, and emerging credit systems for water and ecosystem services. These credits generate sustainable funding flows and enhance accountability in conservation finance.
    • DApps & DAOs
      • Enable decentralised governance models that hold corporate contributions accountable, ensuring transparent and impact-driven investment.

GBF Target 20: Strengthen Capacity Building for Biodiversity Conservation

• Action 20.1: Support innovation in technology and knowledge-sharing to improve conservation outcomes.
  • Metaverse
    • Provides virtual training environments for conservationists, enhancing accessibility to knowledge-sharing tools.
  • DAOs
    • Facilitates decentralised decision-making and funding mechanisms to support conservation innovation and collaborative research.

GBF Target 21: Ensure That Knowledge is Available and Accessible to Guide Biodiversity Action

• Action 21.1: Promote open access to biodiversity data and information.
  • DApps
    • Enables decentralised data sharing, ensuring open access to biodiversity information without reliance on central authorities.
  • Blockchain
    • Ensures data integrity and traceability, preventing misinformation and ensuring credibility in biodiversity data repositories.

GBF Target 22: Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for All

• Action 22.1: Ensure the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and local communities in decision-making related to biodiversity.
  • DAOs
    • Empowers communities by enabling decentralised governance, ensuring equitable decision-making processes for conservation initiatives.
  • Blockchain
    • Provides a secure record of indigenous land rights and conservation agreements, preventing disputes and ensuring transparency. Facilitates digital land verification, allowing unbanked communities to securely register land ownership and access conservation incentives.

Conclusion

Web 3.0 technologies have the potential to transform conservation efforts by improving financial transparency, data accessibility, governance, and community engagement. By leveraging blockchain for trust, IoT for real-time monitoring, DAOs for decentralised decision-making, and tokenisation for funding mechanisms, conservation organisations can create scalable, impact-driven solutions. However, successful integration requires collaboration between conservationists, technologists, and policymakers to ensure that these tools are applied effectively and ethically.

This document serves as a reference for those seeking to integrate Web 3.0 solutions into biodiversity strategies and build a more transparent, inclusive, and financially sustainable future for conservation.

This report presents findings from an assessment of the biodiversity conservation potential of four project sites: Lobaye, Mambéré-Kadéï, Ombella-Mpoko, and Sangha-Mbaéré located in the Bangui region of the Central African Republic (CAR). This assessment was done using the Species Threat Abatement and Recovery (STAR) metric, which employs  high-resolution imagery and an approach to modelling species’ Area of Habitat (AOH) that was revised after June 2020 among other enhancements. This work was undertaken to better inform threat abatement and restoration planning and implementation at the partner project sites, and as part of a wider effort to pilot and strengthen the use of STAR as a  tool for restoration and conservation practitioners, communities, investors, and policymakers.

The Bird Migration Explorer is your guide to the heroic annual journeys made by over 450 bird species, and the challenges they face along the way.

Learn more about a species, the migratory birds at a specific location, or a conservation challenge birds face.

These are the country reports on implementation of the International Treaty received from Contracting Parties pursuant to Section V.1 of the “Procedures and operational mechanisms to promote compliance and address issues of non-compliance” (Resolution 9/2013), for which an updated Standard Reporting Format was adopted by the Governing Body in 2019 (Resolution 7/2019).

The Compliance Committee prepares a comprehensive synthesis and succinct analysis report for each session of the Governing Body. Please see the latest version here.

Some of the information received from Contracting Parties through their national reports is reused under several indicators in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reporting process. See, for example, SDG Indicator 15.6.1.

The deadline for the submission of national reports under the Second Reporting Cycle was extended by the Governing Body until 1 October 2024.

According to the IUCN Red List a species or subspecies is considered Extinct (EX) when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.  A species or subspecies is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and expected habitat have failed to record a single individual.

Distinct populations can also become locally extinct.  A single species is often made up of several separate populations and one population may be eradicated whilst others continue to live.  For example, the North Pacific gray whale population in the eastern North Pacific is considered healthy, but the western population is critically endangered.

Extinction is a natural phenomenon, but current rates of extinction are much higher than historic ‘background rates.’  The lifespan of a species varies depending on a number of factors such as body size and geographic range.  Many cetacean species are assessed to have survived between 5 and 30 million years. Today’s increased rates of extinction are due to human activities and associated habitat disruption and climate change.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, assesses the conservation status of most plant and animal species, some subspecies, and some subpopulations.  They use a rigorous approach to assess all available data for each species against defined criteria, and classify each into one of the IUCN Red List status categories

ThreatSearch is a global database of all known conservation assessments of plants. It contains global, regional and national conservation assessments for plants from a variety of sources. The aim is for ThreatSearch to be a one-stop shop to find any conservation assessment for plants.

Together with our two main collaborators – the National Red List and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – we have assembled currently available conservation assessments into a single list of conservation assessments for plants. Additional significant contributors include NatureServe and CNCFlora. We are continuing to add new conservation assessments, as well as adding older non-digital sources.

ThreatSearch can be used to measure progress toward several targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. First and foremost, by listing all conservation assessments for plants it helps to track progress towards Target 2 (An assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, as far as possible, to guide conservation action). ThreatSearch will further help to measure Target 7 (At least 75 per cent of known threatened plant species conserved in situ) and Target 8 (At least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 per cent available for recovery and restoration programmes). ThreatSearch also aims to be directly relevant to conservationists, educators, horticulturists, researchers, policy makers and many others who are working to save and understand plant diversity.

Welcome to the GlobalTree Portal. This portal allows access to information on the world’s nearly 60,000 tree species. On the species pages you can explore tree species distribution, conservation status (global and non-global) and conservation actions. On the country pages you can download a country checklist with associated information on endemism and conservation status. The Global overview allows you to see summary statistics for all trees. The data underlying this portal is information gathered as part of the Global Tree Assessment and links our existing databases GlobalTreeSearch, ThreatSearch, PlantSearch and GardenSearch. In addition, the Conservation Action Tracker enables the monitoring of conservation actions for each tree species. The Conservation Action Tracker can be accessed through individual species pages and you can upload new information through this link.

Estimates of current population size, known as abundance estimates, are derived from a combination of fieldwork and computer modelling.  Vessel-based and aerial sighting surveys, acoustic monitoring, and analysis of individual animal markings are techniques used independently or in conjunction with each other to count whales.  The information gathered from this fieldwork is used as the basis for population modelling which produces an abundance estimate.

In 2017, the IWC Scientific Committee established a new expert group to review and agree all the Abundance Estimates submitted to the Scientific Committee.  This new process ensures quality and consistency across all the estimates used by the IWC.

Click here to read more about the establishment and work of the Scientific Committee’s Working Group on Abundance Estimates (ASI).

It is impossible for cetacean abundance estimates to be completely precise and IWC estimates are presented as a ‘best estimate’ figure, accompanied by a 95% Confidence Interval, showing a range of plausible values for the population’s actual abundance.  As an example, the table below shows that the 1991/92-2003/4 abundance estimate for Southern Hemisphere blue whales is 2,300 with a 95% confidence interval of 1,150-4,500. This means that the range 1,150-4,500 was computed using a method that has a 95% chance of including the population’s actual abundance.

Increases or decreases in population are indicated within the table, where these have been identified.

At present the IWC has agreed estimates only for some species/areas.  With the establishment of the ASI group it is planned to update this table and fill in the gaps where possible.

Dans le cadre du plan de gestion du domaine de la Tour du Valat, une méthode de hiérarchisation de la responsabilité patrimoniale a été définie.

Elle se base sur 6 critères :

• Valeur patrimoniale (sur la base des textes / lois) : notation de 0 à 4 (intérêt faible / régional / national / européen / mondial)
• Représentativité de la population du site : notation de 0 à 4.
• Etat de conservation de la population globale : notation de 0 à 2 (présumé favorable / défavorable inadéquate / mauvais).
• Etat de conservation sur le site : notation de 0 à 2.
• Irréversibilité : notation de 0 à 3 (nulle, faible, moyenne, forte). Equivaut à la probabilité de retrouver l’élément du patrimoine naturel après disparition.
• Importance de la Camargue (site fonctionnel) pour la conservation de l’espèce / habitat : notation de 0 à 3.

Ces critères une fois notés sont croisés selon une grille prédéfinie et permettent d’évaluer le niveau de responsabilité du site pour l’espèce ou l’habitat concerné.

La régénération du Cèdre de l’Atlas est très sensible au parcours dû à l’élevage extensif, voir impossible. Il faut mettre la régénération en défens et compenser les éleveurs organisés en associations sur les superficies interdites au parcours. Dès lors, un texte législatif a vu le jour au sujet. On compense avec 250MAD/ha/an (bientôt 1000MAD), à financer par l’association sous forme d’actions de développement sur son Parc Pastoral en concertation avec le département des eaux et forêts. 

Grace au Parc National d’Ifrane les éleveurs sont organisés actuellement en dix associations comprenant 1127 éleveurs qui perçoivent un montant global de 2053750MAD. La régénération du cèdre évolue alors de plus en plus. Un travail commun est entamé par des projets générateurs de revenus autour de l’écotourisme, l’aménagement des parcours, l’agroécologie, l’eau…etc avec l’implication des jeunes et des femmes, sachant que le but ultime est la régénération du cèdre et la conservation de son écosystème.

Un inventaire complet, à jour et le plus exhaustif possible des échinodermes du département d’outre-mer de Mayotte a été réalisé à l’aide d’une approche multiple, comprenant une synthèse bibliographique, l’exploration des collections sèches du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, des campagnes de terrain et de l’analyse d’albums de photographes sous-marins locaux. L’analyse des collections du Muséum a confirmé la faible représentation de Mayotte dans le corpus scientifique portant sur les échinodermes, et n’a pas permis d’ajouter de taxon supplémentaire à la liste. Proposant de retirer 8 probables faux positifs à l’inventaire d’origine, une liste de 163 échinodermes (dont 72 nouveaux signalements) a été établie, composées de 28 étoiles de mer, 8 crinoïdes, 37 oursins, 45 holothuries et 45 ophiures. 42 espèces peuvent être considérées comme communes, voire très abondantes à Mayotte, et jouent donc un rôle écologique important pour l’île. 8 espèces figurant en liste rouge de l’UICN ont pu être recensées et suivies.

This solution utilizes former information and personal data to create a data base to characterize the most important environmental and anthropogenic factors that affect the fitness of California sea lion rookeries. This includes modelling how environmental factors influence historical colony trends, mapping sources of contamination around the colony, mapping the fishing areas as well as collecting available information about California sea lion diseases.

Europe’s Wadden Sea (DK, DE, NL) and Mauritania’s National Park Banc d´Arguin (PNBA) — two World Heritage properties linked through the migratory birds on the African Eurasian Flyway, for which they serve as important wintering and stop over areas — signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2014 to protect the migratory birds. Since, there have been bilateral visits of managers and scientists, a joint action plan and cooperation in bird monitoring. More, PNBA joint the Wadden Sea Flyway Initiative, launched to strengthen waterbird conservation and monitoring along the East Atlantic flyway.

The southern river terrapin (Batagur affinis) is one of the world’s most threatened chelonians. Sre Ambel River supports one of two remaining populations in the world. The species is threatened by poaching and habitat destruction from logging and sand mining. The project addressed these challenges through protection, post-release monitoring, education, and awareness-raising. The programme helped influence government policy to stop sand mining activities in the Sre Ambel River, and led to the establishment of a Fisheries Conservation and Management Zone.

El Plan de Conservación de Cycadas de Colombia tiene como misión que para el año 2025, estas plantas sean reconocidas como un grupo carismático para la conservación, y que las especies amenazadas tengan estrategias implementadas para asegurar su viabilidad a largo plazo. Colombia es un país megadiverso y cuenta con una Estrategia Nacional de Conservación de Plantas. Las Cycadas son las plantas más amenazadas en el planeta, y Colombia es el país con mayor riqueza de Zamias, uno de los grupos de Cycadas. Las Zamias se usan en Colombia como grupo estratégico para avanzar en la conservación de plantas. Este plan es un esfuerzo interinstitucional, que trabaja con 4 líneas de acción: 1) Generación de Conocimiento, 2) Comunicación y Educación, 3) Acciones de Conservación y 4) Instrumentos de Gestión. Aún existen retos importantes, pero los avances son alentadores y muestran como promoviendo la conservación de especies carismáticas podemos contribuir a la conservación de toda la biodiversidad.

This project aims to prevent continued decline of the endangered Hector’s dolphins. Dolphins are getting caught as bycatch in trawl and set nets. People want to help dolphins but don’t know how. Citizen scientists are being trained, to extend the number and location of sightings around New Zealand, as well as identify when strandings occur. At the same time, these citizen scientists become protectors of the dolphins, intimately involved in their survival.

The solution allows for creating a rapid alert network in the event of sawfish captures, to harmonize and coordinate responses that aim at their protection in the West African sub-region. From village to village, along the coasts and up to the remotest ‘bolongs’ (salt-water channels) or islands, historic data on capture levels has been collected, fishers have been sensitized and representatives of the maritime sector have been trained.

Because of decades of logging and rapid economic development in Greater Khingan Mountains, moose population had sharply declined, and the habitat had been seriously damaged. Moose is also extremely sensitive to climate change. With the global warming, moose population constantly shrunk back northward.

In order to protect and restore the moose population in Hanma and adjacent areas, the project has conducted in-depth research on moose. Based on the research results, the protection countermeasures were formulated: 1) Project personnel carried out patrol work on a regular basis every month; 2) Fight poaching; 3) Prevent wildfires; and 4) Use various ways and means to raise awareness on the importance of protecting and restoring moose population.

Groundwater ecosystems are at risk in Europe and all over the world. Nevertheless, a common tool for assessing biodiversity in groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) is still not available. The AQUALIFE project involved stakeholders and managers with the aim to increase awareness and conservation about GDEs. 
The main project output is the AQUALIFE Software Package, which is an innovative indicator system for the GDEs assessment.

The software provides a user-friendly toolkit for assessing: 1) the risks effectively or potentially posed to the GDE communities by chemical pollutants; 2) the hydrological/hydromorphological risks (for ecotonal GDEs, e.g. hyporheic zones and groundwater-fed springs); and 3) the conservation priorities of GDE sites based on the community composition.

It shows also the Groundwater Biodiversity Concern score: a measure of the conservation priority of a GDE site, based on the conservation value of each species composing the local community.

For effective protection of the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey and other species, Shennongjia National Park has taken measures of conservation on the basis of research and education. By providing food in the food-scarce winter, the Park attracted a group of monkeys for habituation-based research. The Park built a series of open research platforms (Shennongjia Golden Snub-nosed Monkey Field Research Base of the State Administration of Forestry, etc.), provided sufficient logistical and financial support, and became well-known to the academic community for the research conducted on the park species in cooperation with universities and research institutions. The research achievements have been used for popular science education to promote conservation of the rare and endangered species. The Park built exhibition centers to display images, materials, popular science articles and live video of the species so that the general visitors can see the monkeys without disturbing them. 

The study assessed the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed Lancang-Mekong Development Plan (LMDP) and Pak Beng Hydropower Project and provided recommendations for improving the planning and management of these developments to effectively mitigate negative impacts. The study was undertaken in four phases (scoping, baseline assessment, impact assessment, and recommendations and management planning) and covered seven thematic areas:

1. Hydrology and sediments;
2. Aquatic biodiversity and wetlands;
3. Fish;
4. Amphibians and reptiles;
5. Birds;
6. Waterways; and
7. Socio-economics and livelihoods.

By identifying the potential impacts of the proposed developments and setting out mitigation strategies, the study served to inform the deliberations of decision-makers. It may have played a role in bringing about an informal agreement between Thailand and China to halt the plan.

El colibrí esmeralda hondureño (Honduran emerald – Amazilia luciae) es la unica ave endémica de Honduras. Habita en los bosques secos del interior donde se alimenta de una decena de nectar de flores de temporada. Los bosques Secos son los mas afectados por las actividades humanas, ya que solo contamos con el 7% del bosque original y un 3% en regeneracion. El ave se ha convertido en emblema de la zona y ha propiciado la creacion de las Areas protegidas de habitat por especie y de Reservas Naturales privadas, donde los propietarios son excentos de impuestos de propiedad a cambio del buen uso del bosque y recursos.

Se realizan monitoreos mensuales en los sitios aptos para colibri demostrado que la población de colibríes esmeralda se mantiene estable; tambien se han realizado plantaciones de espeices de plantas nectaríferas para colibries en areas degradadas.

En la actualidad la población esta conciente de la presencia y lo que significa la presencia de esta ave para la zona y para el país.

Qianjiangyuan National Park is situated in the Yangtze River Delta area with rich biodiversity. It is a rare area where the authenticity and integrity of the typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest have been preserved despite long-term human activities. It is the distributional center of black muntjac and Elliot’s pheasant, Chinese endemic species. After becoming the first pilot program for China’s national park system, the Park adopts effective measures in good management, scientific research monitoring, protection and development and other aspects, such as implementation of easement reform for land management problems stressing on collectively owned forest, conducting biodiversity background investigation, and so on to build a model of national park construction in eastern China’s developed regions. These effective measures have guarded the window of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and realized a vivid pattern of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Rosa arabica and Primula boveana is a perennial endemic to the high mountain area of St. Catherine Protected Area (SCPA) in Egypt and listed as one of the most 100 threatened plants in the world. Recently, they listed as Critically Endangered due to their small Extent of Occurrence and tiny population size (less than 90). The continuous decline in habitat quality for this species and the urgent need to carry out on-ground conservation actions were reported. Many attempts were made in the past to cultivate them in the wild, but they did not succeed. So, this solution aims to conserve them through in situ practices by implementing the following steps, respectively: a) IUCN Red List, b) Ecological Niche Modeling, and c) based on the previous two steps, translocation process for R. arabica in the suitable habitat will be done after carrying out simple layering process (local community traditional method) as one of the most effective traditional vegetative methods for wild cultivation for this species.

The National Red List Working Group (NRLWG) is a working group within the IUCN Red List Committee towards developing and implementing ways to improve linkages between national red listing efforts and the IUCN Red List, and on tools to help national red listing efforts, which are often based on adapting the tools available for global red listing processes to better suit national needs.

The NRLWG also serves as a Coordinating Body for the “National Red List Alliance” (NRLA), established in 2013 to promote and drive forward the national red listing process globally. This was in response to result 2 in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Strategic Plan (2013-2020): more IUCN Red List assessments are prepared at national and, where appropriate, at regional scales. The aim is to help countries monitor their progress towards achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (particularly goals 14 and 15) and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (particularly target 12).

The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria were developed for classifying species at high risk of global extinction, i.e. for assessment at the global level. Guidelines on the application of the IUCN Red List Criteria at national or regional levels were also developed and this volume presents the revised guidelines, published in 2012.

These guidelines provide a logical framework for assessing species at sub-global levels; a means of sharing status information with neighbouring countries; and a suggested format for documentation and publication of listings to improve compatibility with the global IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Rosa arabica and Primula boveana is a perennial endemic to the high mountain area of St. Catherine Protected Area (SCPA) in Egypt and listed as one of the most 100 threatened plants in the world. Recently, they listed as Critically Endangered due to their small Extent of Occurrence and tiny population size (less than 90). The continuous decline in habitat quality for this species and the urgent need to carry out on-ground conservation actions were reported. Many attempts were made in the past to cultivate them in the wild, but they did not succeed. So, this solution aims to conserve them through in situ practices by implementing the following steps, respectively: a) IUCN Red List, b) Ecological Niche Modeling, and c) based on the previous two steps, translocation process for R. arabica in the suitable habitat will be done after carrying out simple layering process (local community traditional method) as one of the most effective traditional vegetative methods for wild cultivation for this species.

According to the IUCN Red List a species or subspecies is considered Extinct (EX) when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.  A species or subspecies is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and expected habitat have failed to record a single individual.

Distinct populations can also become locally extinct.  A single species is often made up of several separate populations and one population may be eradicated whilst others continue to live.  For example, the North Pacific gray whale population in the eastern North Pacific is considered healthy, but the western population is critically endangered.

Extinction is a natural phenomenon, but current rates of extinction are much higher than historic ‘background rates.’  The lifespan of a species varies depending on a number of factors such as body size and geographic range.  Many cetacean species are assessed to have survived between 5 and 30 million years. Today’s increased rates of extinction are due to human activities and associated habitat disruption and climate change.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, assesses the conservation status of most plant and animal species, some subspecies, and some subpopulations.  They use a rigorous approach to assess all available data for each species against defined criteria, and classify each into one of the IUCN Red List status categories

Estimates of current population size, known as abundance estimates, are derived from a combination of fieldwork and computer modelling.  Vessel-based and aerial sighting surveys, acoustic monitoring, and analysis of individual animal markings are techniques used independently or in conjunction with each other to count whales.  The information gathered from this fieldwork is used as the basis for population modelling which produces an abundance estimate.

In 2017, the IWC Scientific Committee established a new expert group to review and agree all the Abundance Estimates submitted to the Scientific Committee.  This new process ensures quality and consistency across all the estimates used by the IWC.

Click here to read more about the establishment and work of the Scientific Committee’s Working Group on Abundance Estimates (ASI).

It is impossible for cetacean abundance estimates to be completely precise and IWC estimates are presented as a ‘best estimate’ figure, accompanied by a 95% Confidence Interval, showing a range of plausible values for the population’s actual abundance.  As an example, the table below shows that the 1991/92-2003/4 abundance estimate for Southern Hemisphere blue whales is 2,300 with a 95% confidence interval of 1,150-4,500. This means that the range 1,150-4,500 was computed using a method that has a 95% chance of including the population’s actual abundance.

Increases or decreases in population are indicated within the table, where these have been identified.

At present the IWC has agreed estimates only for some species/areas.  With the establishment of the ASI group it is planned to update this table and fill in the gaps where possible.

This solution is set in Madagascar’s Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor (CAZ), a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot that shelters numerous endangered and vulnerable lemur species. The project site, Fierenana—a rural commune in the western CAZ—is designated as an Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) site, uniquely identified as the only place on Earth where at least one critically endangered species survives in its natural habitat.

Despite this ecological importance, conservation efforts face major challenges, including habitat degradation, weak law enforcement, and limited local capacity. The solution, implemented through the “CAZ4Lemurs” project with support from BIOPAMA, addresses these issues by empowering local community-based organizations (COBAs) to manage forest buffer zones and monitor lemur populations. The initiative has enhanced patroller skills and fostered law enforcement. Environmental education is being integrated into school curricula, while legal training strengthens enforcement, and promotes livelihoods.

The IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group and the IUCN Global Business and Biodiversity Programme have produced Guidelines for Planning and Monitoring Corporate Biodiversity Performance. The Guidelines were developed by IUCN teams in collaboration with business partners, especially Nespresso, Boskalis and Alcoa.

The Guidelines provide a four-stage, science-based approach for developing a corporate biodiversity strategic plan and measuring biodiversity performance across company operations and supply chains. The approach enables companies to be more targeted in their biodiversity focus by identifying the species and habitats important to them and understanding the benefits they provide to people.

The Conservation Standards (CS) are a widely adopted set of principles and practices that bring together common concepts, approaches, and terminology for conservation project design, management, and monitoring. Developed by the Conservation Measures Partnership and regularly updated in collaboration with the broader community, this open-source, strategic process helps conservation teams achieve lasting impact.

Rosa arabica and Primula boveana is a perennial endemic to the high mountain area of St. Catherine Protected Area (SCPA) in Egypt and listed as one of the most 100 threatened plants in the world. Recently, they listed as Critically Endangered due to their small Extent of Occurrence and tiny population size (less than 90). The continuous decline in habitat quality for this species and the urgent need to carry out on-ground conservation actions were reported. Many attempts were made in the past to cultivate them in the wild, but they did not succeed. So, this solution aims to conserve them through in situ practices by implementing the following steps, respectively: a) IUCN Red List, b) Ecological Niche Modeling, and c) based on the previous two steps, translocation process for R. arabica in the suitable habitat will be done after carrying out simple layering process (local community traditional method) as one of the most effective traditional vegetative methods for wild cultivation for this species.