Wildlife plays a critical role in maintaining ecological balance, yet many species face increasing threats from poaching and the rising demand for their body parts for food, medicine, and trade. To address these challenges, Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) established a Wildlife Conservation Committee, a volunteer group made up largely of herders and farmers living close to the forest. Members are trained to document wildlife presence and detect signs of illegal activities using the NoteCam mobile application, which enables standardized data collection with GPS coordinates. This community-based monitoring approach strengthens early detection, supports informed conservation management, and empowers local people as active stewards of biodiversity.

Committee members share their observations with forestry officials and the SWS management team through a designated WhatsApp group. Officials verify and maintain the data, ensuring timely action, better monitoring, and stronger community involvement in wildlife conservation.

The Kenya National Mangrove Ecosystem Management Plan 2017-2027 identifies weak governance as the main cause of mangrove ecosystem degradation in Kenya. It notes that governance and institutional frameworks play an important role in mangrove forest management in Kenya. The plan provides for establishment of national and county mangrove management committees as advisory organs to enhance coordination and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders. Mangrove management in Kenya has gained traction over the years with varied actions at different levels and organizations. Community groups are at the centre of of restoration, and utilization, while a number of non-governmental organizations are actively involved at different scales. Kenya Forest Service is the Government agency mandated with provision for the development and sustainable management, including conservation and rational utilization of all forest resources, including mangroves. With the many players, weak coordination and duplication of efforts is highly experienced.

I. Background
The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a species that mainly occurs in the Yunling Mountains between the Jinsha and Lancang Rivers, with about 3,800 extant individuals. Yunnan Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve, as its southernmost distribution site, is a key area for maintaining the survival space of the species. Historically, the population of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys in the region has been reduced from four to two populations due to habitat fragmentation, human interference and habitat retreat.

II. Solution Application Approach
1. Standardized monitoring and technology upgrading. Standardize data collection norms: monitor the population 8 days a month, 12 hours a day, recording population size, behavioral rhythms, food habits, etc. to ensure data validity.
Upgrade equipment configuration: Equipped with GPS, infrared cameras, etc. to fill the gap of image records. 5 infrared cameras were installed in the Tianchi population area, successfully obtaining fecal samples and activity traces.
2. Expert team and long-term monitoring system. An inter-agency expert team was formed to solve the problem of insufficient expert guidance in the past.
3. Food resources and habitat management. Establishment of a food resource database: Record the 26 species of plants that the Longma Mountain population feeds on and the seasonal changes in food habits to provide a basis for habitat restoration. Habitat corridor restoration: Prioritize the protection of key vegetation types such as fir forests and Yunnan hemlock forests for the five habitat patches where Longma Mountain populations are active.
4. Man-made disturbance control and community participation. Quantify the types of disturbance: focus on monitoring high-frequency disturbance such as mushroom picking in summer, mark the location of disturbance, and set targeted no-entry periods. Community education: Promote residents’ awareness of conservation and reduce the impact of activities on the monkey population.
Core Challenges
1. Population growth bottleneck: the annual growth rate of Longmashan population has dropped from rapid growth before 2011 to a stable state after 2012, confirming that the habitat is close to the environmental capacity and the habitat quality needs to be optimized.
2. Fragmentation of monitoring data: after standardization, the rate of invalid data has dropped from 53% to a manageable range, and the Tianchi population has moved from “data gaps” to “confirmation of existence”.
3. Threat of man-made disturbance: the intensity of disturbance reached 4.23 in summer, and the seasonal control reduced the stress reaction of the monkey population.
4. Risk of survival of small populations: The survival of the Tianchi population was confirmed for the first time through the deployment of infrared cameras and feces analysis, which provided a basis for the construction of the corridor.
Positive Results
1. Stable population growth: the Longmarsaurus population increased from 127 in 2011 to 190 in 2024, a 49% increase, with a stable population structure, close to the environmental capacity but in dynamic equilibrium.

2. Behavioral and ecological adaptation research: clarify the daily activity rhythms and seasonal dietary changes of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, and provide scientific support for food resource management.

3. Synergistic effect between technology and community: standardized monitoring has improved the positioning accuracy of human interference, and community participation has reduced the frequency of interference in summer by 15% year-on-year in 2024, providing a replicable model for similar protected areas.

4. Breakthrough in the protection of small populations: The survival of the Tianchi population has been confirmed through fecal and trace monitoring, and as the southernmost population of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, it lays the foundation for the study of species distribution boundaries and habitat corridor planning.

Through the integrated strategy of “scientific monitoring-habitat restoration-community governance”, the program effectively mitigated the threats faced by the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, such as stagnant population growth, habitat fragmentation and human interference, and provided a closed-loop management paradigm of “monitoring-assessment-intervention” for the protection of the endangered species. This provides a “monitoring-assessment-intervention” paradigm for endangered species conservation.

Nosy Hara National Park is part of Madagascar’s network of protected areas. A genetic reservoir of marine biodiversity, it is a sustainable fishing site par excellence, for the fishing community living around the park. Mangrove crabs, octopus and reef fish are the most commonly caught species. The Park is renowned for the production of octopus, fish for local, regional and even national consumption.

Overfishing in accessible areas by small-scale fishermen, the failure of nomadic fishermen to comply with fishing closures, and the lack of park staff for surveillance are among the daily challenges faced by park managers.

Co-management through the effective involvement of the local community in the preservation of the park is an approach adopted, particularly by the women’s community of the village of Ankingameloka, who actively participate in the co-monitoring of mangroves, the restoration of the ecosystem and the monitoring of fishermen’s daily catches.

This solution focuses on the Soqotra Heritage Project, a multidisciplinary programme addressing the needs of tangible and intangible cultural heritage on Soqotra, one of the most unique island ecosystems in the world and its unique biodiversity is at the heart of its World Heritage status. Through the establishment of a partnership of local and international institutions and organizations, the project combines multidisciplinary expertise in the documentation and conservation of Soqotra’s heritage which is a key element of identity for Soqotri communities. The project enhances previous projects and programmes which focused on biodiversity conservation, and works on raising awareness and building local capacity for the conservation of tangible and intangible heritage as an element for future sustainable local development.

The project focuses on strengthening community-based approaches to heritage conservation, as well as safeguarding the unique bio-cultural heritage of Soqotra.

The Denali region of Interior Alaska faces social and environmental pressures related to rapid landscape change. Although the communities there are tight-knit and linked by their shared connection to the area, local stakeholders can feel excluded from regional decision-making to address resource management issues. One potential pathway toward more inclusive decision-making is having residents learn from and adapt to one another in discussions about landscape change, thereby strengthening underrepresented voices through collective knowledge building. Community deliberation can be challenging to get started, but social learning is a conservation tool that can facilitate shared dialogue based on understanding the many and diverse values related to public land management through community deliberation. This solution is based on the concept of socially inclusive conservation, which aims to represent how people value nature to improve protected area management.