Meta 10
Mejorar la biodiversidad y la sostenibilidad en la agricultura, la acuicultura, la pesca y la silvicultura
Lograr que las superficies dedicadas a la agricultura, la acuicultura, la pesca y la silvicultura se gestionen de manera sostenible, en particular a través de la utilización sostenible de la diversidad biológica, entre otras cosas, mediante un aumento sustancial de la ejecución de prácticas amables con la diversidad biológica, tales como la intensificación sostenible, métodos arqueológicos y otros métodos novedosos, contribuyendo así a la resiliencia y al rendimiento de larga duración, y a la productividad de estos sistemas de producción y a la seguridad alimentaria, conservando y restaurando la diversidad biológica y manteniendo las contribuciones de la naturaleza a las personas, incluidos los servicios y las funciones de los ecosistemas.
Lograr que las superficies dedicadas a la agricultura, la acuicultura, la pesca y la silvicultura se gestionen de manera sostenible, en particular a través de la utilización sostenible de la diversidad biológica, entre otras cosas, mediante un aumento sustancial de la ejecución de prácticas amables con la diversidad biológica, tales como la intensificación sostenible, métodos arqueológicos y otros métodos novedosos, contribuyendo así a la resiliencia y al rendimiento de larga duración, y a la productividad de estos sistemas de producción y a la seguridad alimentaria, conservando y restaurando la diversidad biológica y manteniendo las contribuciones de la naturaleza a las personas, incluidos los servicios y las funciones de los ecosistemas.
El contexto
PAME
La expansión e intensificación de la agricultura y la acuicultura son los principales impulsores de la disminución de especies. El aumento de la productividad y la sostenibilidad de todos los ecosistemas gestionados reducirá la demanda de recursos de tierras y agua dulce y la presión asociada sobre las especies silvestres.
Primary tools and resources
Agriculture and conservation
In 2021, IUCN launched the IUCN Flagship Report Series, to help demonstrate the importance of conserving nature for human well-being and all life on Earth. This report, the second in the series, focuses on agriculture and nature. The interactions, synergies, and tradeoffs between the two sit at the heart of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which calls for ending hunger and ensuring food security while also mandating the protection and restoration of nature. Whether the two can be achieved simultaneously, and if so how, are crucial questions for humanity and our planet. IUCN therefore explores the positive and negative relationships between agriculture and nature conservation and mobilises new modelling approaches to examine both imperatives within a range of realistic policies.
Farming with Biodiversity: Towards nature-positive production at scale
This WWF report is part their contribution to boosting nature-positive production at scale. The report outlines changes that are needed to create food systems that support rather than exploit nature, with a focus on agricultural production systems. It also feeds into the advocacy for the UNFCCC 26 (Climate CoP). The report highlights that nature positive production of food can and must be part of the solution for addressing biodiversity loss.
FAO’s 10 elements of agroecology: Guiding the transition to sustainable food and agricultural systems
Agroecology is integral to FAO’s Common Vision for Sustainable Food and Agriculture. It offers a unique approach to meeting significant increases in the future food needs. Agroecology is an integrated approach that applies ecological and social concepts and principles to the design and management of food and agricultural systems. These 10 elements set out the core principles.
CBD Programme of Work on Agricultural Biodiversity
This CBD programme of work consists of four elements (assessment, adaptive management, capacity-building, and mainstreaming) and three cross-cutting initiatives (on conservation of pollinators, soil biodiversity, and biodiversity for food and nutrition). The programme of work identifies policy issues that governments can consider when addressing such matters, while considering various ways and means to improve the capacity of stakeholders and to promote the mainstreaming and integration of agricultural biodiversity into sectoral and cross-sectoral plans and programmes at all levels.
Guidelines for the application of IUCN Red List of Ecosystems categories and criteria
The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global framework for monitoring the status of ecosystems. It is part of the growing toolbox for assessing risks to biodiversity and aims to support conservation, resource use, and management decisions by identifying ecosystems most at risk of biodiversity loss. The basis of the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Categories and Criteria, a set of eight categories and five criteria that provide a consistent method for assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse. These Guidelines assist correct implementation of the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Categories and Criteria by providing information on the development of the protocol and a detailed overview of the scientific foundations supporting the categories and criteria.
Other tools and resources
Carne del Monte fomenta la ganadería sustentable en México
Neek ’Capital es un company builder que nació en el 2017 con la misión de crear compañías mexicanas nuevas con potencial de crecimiento, dedicadas a la implementación del uso sustentable de la energía, el agua, los sistemas alimenticios y la biodiversidad a grande escala. El objetivo era crear empresas destinadas a resolver los desafíos planteados por el uso sustentable de los recursos naturales en un mundo con restricciones climáticas.
A través de nuestras operaciones de producción, procesamiento y comercialización, buscamos la regeneración del campo como fuente sustentable de proteína animal de alta calidad e invertir directamente en la restauración de la selva Yucateca.
Buscamos ser un ejemplo de sustentabilidad mediante el uso de sistemas productivos regenerativos que se mantengan en el largo plazo, mejorando así los ingresos de los productores y la calidad agroecológica de sus ranchos ganaderos.
Ganadería amigable con el medioambiente en la Región Trifinio
La ganadería es una de las actividades productivas con mayor potencial en la Región Trifinio, donde colindan El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras. Para muchas familias ya es una de sus principales fuentes de ingreso. No obstante, la mayoría de las unidades de producción ganadera se encuentran ubicadas en suelos de ladera, y se caracterizan por un pastoreo extensivo. Estos sistemas tradicionales o convencionales de producción tienen un fuerte impacto sobre el medioambiente, son poco rentables y vulnerables a efectos del cambio climático. La solución promovió un manejo más diversificado e intensivo en más de 100 unidades de producción piloto. Los ganaderos integraron de forma complementaria prácticas de protección del medioambiente, aumento de la productividad, y de mejora en sus capacidades de comercialización de leche.
Ndiob’s Agriculture Development Programme
It was critical that Ndiob’s local Agricultural Development Programme of 2017 was designed in a particularly inclusive way and the people were involved in all phases of the programme, from the diagnosis/analysis to implementation. Main support came from the NGO ENDA PRONAT, that for a long time advocates for agroecology in West Africa, with other organizations and entities interested in support Ndiob’s vision and work.
In 2018, two villages – Thiallé and Soumnane – of Ndiob decided to adopt agroecology as a way of life in different areas. They will be pilot villages and accompanied by the municipality and its partners such as FAO, INP and Elephant Vert. The aim is to build on the results and gained experiences of these two villages to further multiply activities to other villages of the municipality.
Agricultura para empoderar comunidades y conservar servicios ecosistémicos
Fondo para la Paz (FPP) trabaja con comunidades indígenas en 5 estados de México; la agricultura forma parte de una línea dentro del proceso de desarrollo con el objetivo de empoderar y fortalecer a las comunidades y su organizaón, con una actividad que conserve servicios ecositémicos y biodiversidad, y promueva el desarrollo de capacidades y competencias. FPP tiene esta línea de trabajo en Veracruz, San Luis y Oaxaca trabajando con café, vainilla y maíz. La finalidad es incrementar ingresos y cambiar paradigmas sobre conservación y agricultura. Trabajamos con las personas para buscar que se responsabilicen de su proceso de desarrollo, de su ambiente y de las acciones que realizaran en el futuro, tomando la agricultura como el camino yel desarrollo es el último objetivo por alcanzar. Para lograr esto, trabajamos con cada comunidad de to 10 – 15 años, buscando el desarrollo y doonde las comunidades sean autogestivas, cohesionadas y con visión de desarrollo.
Cultivo de frutales y café en sistemas agroforestales con prácticas agroecológicas para mejorar la recarga hídrica en la Región Trifinio
En la Región Trifinio colindan 3 grandes cuencas hidrográficas que proveen vitales servicios ecosistémicos a El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras. La cuenca del Río Lempa es por ej. clave para el abastecimiento en agua de la capital de El Salvador. En vista de mejorar la recarga hídrica en la Región Trifinio se promovió y acompañó un cambio de uso de suelo con pequeños productores de escasos recursos, viviendo hasta entonces de una agricultura de subsistencia con bajos rendimientos y poco sostenible. Fueron incentivados a probar en parcelas piloto el cultivo de frutales aplicando prácticas de conservación de suelo. La solución comprobó una importante mejora en la infiltración del agua en los suelos. Además, fortaleció el tejido social en las microcuencas piloto promoviendo el intercambio entre los habitantes y actores externos (gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, sector privado). Complementariamente se fortalecieron capacidades de acceso a mercados, lo que mejoró los ingresos familiares.
Fortalecer la gobernanza para la AbE en la sub-cuenca compartida del río Sumpul (El Salvador-Honduras)
Los derechos de uso y la escasez de agua han causado conflictos en la cabecera de la subcuenca del Rio Sumpul (867 km2), compartida entre Honduras y El Salvador, lo que hace que, bajo un escenario de cambio climático, sea crucial la búsqueda de soluciones integrales que generen paz, desarrollo transfronterizo y resiliencia.
La gobernanza para la adaptación permite avanzar en esa dirección, promoviendo el trabajo multidimensional (multinivel y multisectorial), participativo, flexible y ecosistémico. Así, buscando el uso sostenible del agua como necesidad de adaptación en Sumpul, se reforzaron estructuras existentes de gobernanza, ampliando su representación, conocimientos y capacidad de gestión. A través del Comité Comunitario Binacional, se logró construir una agenda común basada en la construcción de confianza, diálogo y articulación de los actores de la cuenca alta. La agenda consideró la implementación de sistemas agroforestales y la conservación de suelos y fuentes de agua.
Proceso de integración de las áreas protegidas al ordenamiento territorial colombiano
Han incrementado las presiones sobre áreas protegidas (AP) poniendo en riesgo la conservación de biodiversidad y la provisión de servicios ecosistemicos. En la planificación de los modelos de ocupación del territorio, usos del suelo y desarrollo promovidos por municipios, departamentos, la nación y sectores productivos las AP estan ausentes o son percibidas como limitantes del progreso A su vez las AP siguen planificandose de limites hacia dentro aisladas de los territorios de los cuales hacen parte. Es imprescindible e inaplazable que las AP se integren en los planes de ordenamiento territorial. Nuestro proceso ha combinado acciones de tipo político, técnico y operativo. Hoy Parques Nacionales hace parte del Comté Especial Interinstucional de la Comisión de Ordenamiento Territorial de Colombia, ha logrado las AP hayan sido incluida instrumentos ordenamiento territorial municipal, departamental y nacional, desarrolla casos piloto diferentes sitios del pais y capacita diferentes actores
State of the Wildlife Economy in Africa (2021)
Natural resources and wildlife are traditionally seen as inputs and not as assets in a national economy. This approach has seen limited government resources being invested in the wildlife economy or allocated to supporting wildlife resources. If this is to change there is a need to illustrate to governments and other stakeholders the economic contribution of wildlife resources to local, national and regional economies. Too little is currently understood about this contribution.
Wildlife credit schemes
AFRICA’S WILDLIFE is a unique global asset but it is increasingly under threat.
Loss of habitat, conflict with humans, and illegal poaching are some of the factors that threaten the survival of rare and endangered species, including elephants, lions and rhinos.
To conserve wildlife for future generations, we need inspired ideas and urgent action.
WILDLIFE CREDITS is an innovative approach which rewards communities for protecting wildlife and creates opportunities for smart conservation where wildlife thrives and people prosper.
Solutions and case studies
Consórcio Cerrado das Aguas (Waters of the Cerrado Consortium) – promoting coffee and conservation
The Waters of the Cerrado Consortium unites coffee growers, producers, researchers and environmentalists in maintaining ecosystem services on which agricultural supply chains including coffee depend. Its focus is conservation and restoration of native vegetation in Brazil’s Minas Gerais State to safeguard water supplies. The Cerrado, in the country’s central highland plains, is a major source of water for Brazil.
The consortium works with stakeholders across the coffee supply chain focusing initially on a pilot site – the Feio watershed in Patrocinio, a major coffee growing area. Efforts are under way to improve soil and water management; promote information and knowledge exchange through outreach services for farmers; and promote legal compliance on farms, including applying Brazil’s Forest Code at the landscape level.
Developing awareness and skills of the land users on measures of Jhum intensification & optimization in Mizoram, India
Jhum as a farming practice is mostly found in the North East India and it is the way of life and deeply embedded in the tradition and culture of the local communities of the region. However in the recent past due to changes in the socio-economic condition and land use pattern, shortcomings like reduced jhum cycles, reduced fallow period, loss in soil fertility and poor crop yields have started to emerge in the jhum field of Mizoram thereby threatening degeneration of the state’s rich natural resource and well being of the community directly depending on them.
The IKI- Biodiv project has helped in generating awareness and strengthened the capacity of the land users on measures of jhum optimization and intensification which will contribute to promoting biodiversity and ecosystem services while ensuring food and livelihood security of the farmers.
Diversified kitchen gardens
Kitchen gardens are very important for improving the nutrition of Tajik families in rural areas as they contribute to food and nutrition security by providing a diversity of vegetables, herbs, and berries.
Thus, they are a central nutrition source for subsistence farmers.
Vegetable, herbs, and spices, berries and fruits are cultivated in small-scale kitchen gardens, often directly adjacent to houses. The diversified kitchen garden approach aims to improve the management system of kitchen gardens by diversifying cultivated crops, enhancing irrigation systems and improving techniques for better soil fertility management.
Integrated farming on irrigated lands for adaptation to changing climate
Irrigated cultivation of onion, potatoes, corn and other crops is hampered by poor agricultural practice and these challenges are increasingly exacerbated by the impact of climate change. The impacts of already visible trends and predictions cause a reduction of available irrigation water, while higher temperatures and expansion of irrigated agriculture lead to higher irrigation water demand. Current irrigated agriculture has low irrigation water use efficiency.
The solution addresses these problems in an integrated way, combining several elements through an agricultural extension service:
– Agricultural extension service provides tailored advise;
– Adapted agricultural inputs are provided at part loan basis through the extension services to ease the application of technical advice and reduce transaction costs for the farmers;
– Technological assistance in form of seeding machines, cultivation and irrigation technologies;
– Crop diversification considers climate change and market demand.
Potential for indigenous vegetables in Central Kenya
In Kirenga, Lari, Central Kenya the low and erratic rainfall and lack of irrigation facilities limits the production of vegetables. Still, exotic vegetables are grown in kitchen gardens, whereas nutrient-rich indigenous vegetables are rarely produced nor consumed. Consumption of vegetables is limited despite the occurence of malnutrition among children and women. In addition, indigenous vegetables have a ready market in Nairobi, which is about 50 km away. Consequently, production of indigenous vegetables would enhance livelihoods of these farmers through income generation while consumption of the same would enhance their nutritional status.
To achieve this, farmers were trained in techniques of farming these indigenous species. In addition, training on how to prepare and consume the vegetables was offered. The activities also included the raising of awareness on the nutritional value of these vegetables to further encourage consumption by the local farmers and their families.
Home Gardens Empower Communities
The project is working on providing alternative livelihoods for former Borana pastoralist, who have settled down to try agro-pastoralist production as a means to food security. In a first step, households joined hands to harvest rain water by creating a small pan near their homesteads and use this for a small home garden. Although creating a pan takes a bit of time, when people joined hands, they were able to work on a single pan for relatively shorter time. In the gardens vegetables like kale, onions, pepper, cassava, tomatoes, spinach, watermelon are grown. Some farmers are also piloting a small agroforestry in one corner of their garden. The food produced is used for home consumption and surplus is sold to the neighbouring villages.These pans and gardens are done for one household at a time but the long term goal is to reach every household in the community. Thus, this marks a departure from overreliance on pure pastoralism, which is negatively affected by climate change.
Engaging business to boost sustainability in African agriculture
Growth corridors are regions where natural resource-based industries, such as agriculture and mining, are being developed to boost economic growth. SUSTAIN (Sustainability and Inclusion Strategy for Growth Corridors), an IUCN-led initiative, aims to shape the investment and design of these corridors so that they are environmentally and socially sustainable.
Located in a vast floodplain, Tanzania’s Kilombero district hosts wetlands, waterfalls and iconic wildlife species, such as elephant, hippo, antelope and lion. The mountain rainforests are a vital water source for the surrounding area and its economy. As part of SUSTAIN, the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) is working with one of Tanzania’s biggest rice producers, valley farmers and mountain villages in Kilombero to increase agricultural productivity while conserving forests, water sources and wildlife at a coordinated landscape level. A pillar of the programme is a payment for ecosystems services (PES) scheme.
Green Fins: An approach to managing a sustainable diving industry
The solution targets threats to coral reefs related to scuba diving, one of the fastest growing tourism industries. Its best practice guidelines promote commercial sustainability and a contribution to increase coral reef resilience. Members are equipped with the necessary information, tools and training to mitigate threats, implement sustainable practices and promote environmental education and awareness amongst the dive industry and local communities and limit their impact on the environment.
Certified Wildlife Friendly™ Agriculture
With over one-third of the planet’s land used for agriculture—and over one-quarter used for livestock grazing—farms and ranches offer both a great threat and a tremendous opportunity for wildlife conservation. Applying strategies to protect key species on agricultural lands is critical to the viability of wildlife populations, especially as open space diminishes and once-remote areas become accessible. By offering scientifically-sound, measurable standards to agricultural producers round the world, Certified Wildlife Friendly™ celebrates farm-level wildlife stewardship. Through this approach, the Wildlife Friendly Enterprise Network (WFEN) works to support both communities and wildlife alike by creating incentives for sound ecological management of farm and ranch lands around the world.
Denmark’s Organic Action Plan “Working together for more organics”
Developed by involving a broad spectrum of stakeholders, Denmark’s Organic Action Plan is a holistic strategy that increases, on the one hand, the overall demand for organic products and, on the other hand, stimulates research and product innovation. Supported by substantial dedicated funding, the Plan produced very clear positive outcomes: Today Denmark has the highest market share of organic products in the world, with almost 80 percent of Danes purchasing organic food. Also thanks to high demand, the Plan has amply met its original target of doubling organic farm land compared to a 2007 baseline. For its achievements, Denmark’s Organic Action Plan (2011-2020) was recognized with the Future Policy Silver Award 2018, awarded by the World Future Council in partnership with the FAO and IFOAM – Organics International.
Ecosystem-friendly livelihoods for wetland-dependent communities in Kenya
Yala wetland communities are dependent on the ecosystem goods and services offered by the wetland for their livelihoods; mainly small-holder subsistence agriculture. In the recent past, farmers have experienced reduced crop production human, an increase of wildlife conflicts, and continuous drought and floods are accelerating local poverty and food insecurity. In order to reverse some of these effects, we identified and piloted in a participatory process alternative livelihoods that are less wetland-destructive and environmentally friendly. These included agroforestry, sustainable farming and water harvesting techniques that would be sustainable under the changing climatic conditions.
Farming to empower people and conserve ecosystem services
Fondo para la Paz (FPP) works with indigenous rural communities’ in 5 States of Mexico. One line is farming as part of development process with the goal to empower community organization and strengthen them through activities that could conserve environmental services (ES) and biodiversity, and promoting development skills and abilities at the community. With the FPP facilitation communities are working with coffee (Veracruz) and maize (Oaxaca) inside agroecological schemes. These projects help them increasing profits and switch old paradigms about conservation and farming. We work with people, sensitize them about being responsible and main actors about their development, their environment and their actions for a long time: farming is just the way, development is the ultimate goal. We work with each community up to 10 – 15 years, seeking development and people with the vision to achieve mature communities, self-administrated and with social cohesion.
