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La Reserva Biológica Bosque Nuboso Monteverde, un área protegida privada como modelo de gestión y aporte a la economía de la región
La creación de la Reserva Biológica Bosque Nuboso Monteverde del Centro Científico Tropical en 1972 marca un hito en la economía de la región. La llegada de científicos y turistas para conocer el ecosistema ha generado que su población vea una oportunidad de mejora en su nivel de vida. Este progreso es evidente a través de la llegada de más de 100 mil visitantes a la reserva, permitiendo a los locales, ofrecer servicios de hospedaje y alimentación, convirtiéndose en operadores turísticos y generando así un traspaso de su actividad agricultora y ganadera hacia el rubro empresario del turismo y en algunos casos, adicionando estas actividades a las agrícolo- ganaderas incrementando con ello su economía familiar.
Actualmente, todos los pobladores se encuentran relacionados de alguna manera con el turismo, lo cual se debe a la creación de este área protegida.
Dos casos piloto de integración de la conservación de la biodiversidad y la adaptación al cambio climático en el ordenamiento territorial a nivel municipal en Colombia
En 2013 el Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia (PNNC) estructuró 8 casos piloto para integrar las áreas protegidas al ordenamiento territorial, como insumo para la Política de Ordenamiento Territorial nacional. En 2014, suscribió un convenio con UICN para el proyecto “Planificación de Ordenamiento Territorial Integrado para la biodiversidad”, iniciativa que promueve la implementación del Plan Estratégico del CBD 2011-2020 con metodologías participativas sobre uso de suelo e integración del cambio climático en 4 países.
En Colombia, se apoyó dos casos piloto en San Juan Nepomuceno, Bolívar, y Santa Rosa, Cauca. La experiencia se basa en el trabajo interinstitucional y multinivel de entidades públicas nacionales, autoridades ambientales, entidades territoriales y comunidades locales; el fortalecimiento de capacidades e intercambio de conocimiento para la gestión del territorio; y la complementariedad entre instrumentos de planeación ambiental y ordenamiento territorial.
Gouvernance participative des aires marines protégées du Sénégal
La gouvernance participative est une nouvelle expérience développée par le Sénégal dans le processus d’organisation, de mise en place et de gestion de son réseau d’aires marines protégées. Cette démarche permet de mieux concrétiser ses engagements par rapport aux conventions internationales auxquelles il a souscrit telle la convention sur la biodiversité adopter en 1994 et de passer d’un modèle de gestion régalienne à un processus participatif lui permettant de transférer ses compétences aux collectivités territoriales pour la gouvernance de leurs ressources naturelles. C’est un processus itératif et participatif encouragé et accompagné par l’Etat pour permettre aux communautés locales porteuses d’initiatives, de créer et gérer des aires protégées comme outil de gestion durable des ressources naturelles et de partage juste et équitable des retombées.
Murray Darling Basin Plan
Through a deliberate strategy of getting Parliament votes and media attention, the Murray Darling Basin Plan was passed through Federal Parliament in 2013. The Darling River is one of the largest in Australia and runs from north to south. The Darling River flows into the Murray River and had been reduced to a trickle at the mouth due to big ag’s water usage for irrigation. A consortium of community members spent 10 years getting this plan passed.
Sikkim’s State Policy on Organic Farming and Sikkim Organic Mission, India
Sikkim is the first state in the world that is 100% organic: All of its farmland is certified organic. The policy implemented a phase-out of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and achieved a total ban on sale and use of chemical pesticides in the state. The transition has benefitted more than 66,000 farming families.
At the same time, Sikkim’s approach reaches beyond organic production and has proved truly transformational for the state and its citizens. Embedded in its design are socioeconomic aspects such as consumption and market expansion, cultural aspects as well as health, education, rural development and sustainable tourism. Sikkim’s tourism sector, for instance, benefited greatly from the new organic image: between 2014 and 2017, the number of tourists increased by over 50 per cent.
For their achievements, Sikkim’s policies were awarded the Future Policy Gold Award 2018, awarded by the World Future Council in partnership with the FAO and IFOAM – Organics International.
Sound legislative governance framework for spatial planning and management
This solution addresses the complexities of having multiple jurisdictions and interests involved in co-managing a very large and diverse area. Today complementary management and planning provisions apply in virtually all marine waters within the GBR, irrespective of the jurisdictional responsibility.
Better Alliances, Better Forests
Reforestamos México developed a solution that allows Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) located near big cities to become a center point that brings alliances, hands and financial resources together in order to plant trees in degraded forests, improve the livelihood of local communities and increase forest awareness among urban people, which derives in better private and public political will to develop initiatives for the benefit of protected and unprotected forests.
A model of trust building: private sector and communities tackling environmental issues
IUCN in Jordan and the global power company AES Levant are working together to engage stakeholders in seeking solutions to environmental issues affecting the area to the east of the capital Amman, such as to biodiversity degradation and environmental pollution in an area that are witnessing rapid land use changes towards a more industrialized uses . The project brings together private sector, governmental institutions, environmental experts and local communities in a unique initiative, creating a model that can encourage other private companies to help communities with environmental planning on a local level.
The initiative to prevent the construction of small hydropower plants in the future nature park in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Over 300 small hydropower plants (SHPP) have been planned for construction in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Even though there is a legal framework in BiH obliging the authorities and the investors to include the local community in the planning and decision-making processes, those regulations are consistently ignored. In Kruščica village, the consent of the locals, for building 4 SHPP planned on their river, was plagiarised. Those 4 SHPP were subsequently added into the spatial plan of the Vitez municipality, in which the Kruščica Mountain had been listed as a PA. Around 40 people signed their consent for the projects. The others didn’t have a clue what was going on (including 2,000 people is living in the village). A spontaneous gathering of citizens on the only bridge that leads to the construction site of SHPP has grown in the successful initiative. WWF Adria, together with partners, is supporting work of Eko-Bistro, organization established by Kruščica village inhabitants.
UN Environment’s TEEBAgriFood – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for Agriculture and Food Initiative
The TEEBAgriFood Initiative developed a unique comprehensive evaluation framework which allows assessing of impacts and externalities of agriculture and food systems – the environmental, health, social and cultural externalities, both positive and negative, and across value chains. It builds and illustrates the case for “systems” instead of “silo” thinking. This holistic approach of ‘true cost accounting’ allows decision makers to better compare different policies and the market to value agriculture and food more accurately. Thereby TEEBAgriFood will help to overcome barriers and effectively upscale agroecology and lead to more equitable agriculture and food systems. For its comprehensive approach providing opportunities to contribute to the majority of the SDGs and offering an effective system of ‘true cost accounting’, TEEBAgriFood was recognized with the Future Policy Vision Award 2018, awarded by the World Future Council in partnership with FAO and IFOAM – Organics International.
New protocol to help industry generate a positive impact on biodiversity
Industries such as mining, forestry, and oil and gas have been trying for years to minimise their environmental and social impacts, but there is a growing expectation from civil society, regulators and investors that companies not only ‘do no harm’, but also make a positive contribution to the environment and society.
In many companies, projects follow procedures to avoid or minimise biodiversity impacts and restore biodiversity or offset impacts when these are unavoidable. This framework, known as the mitigation hierarchy, is increasingly used by companies and governments to improve environmental management and contribute to a net positive impact (NPI) or biodiversity net gain (BNG).
Following a NPI commitment by the mining company Rio Tinto, IUCN worked with the company to develop and trial a review protocol that could track its progress towards reaching NPI at an operational level. This protocol was tested at Rio Tinto operations in Australia, Mongolia and Madagascar.
Sustainable governance of marine and coastal resources and territories
Soon after the first offshore oil field was discovered an intense public debate started in Mauritania about environmental and social risks of this sector. That led to the development of the Programme Biodiversity Oil and Gas, which aims, through a collaborative and integrated approach, at collating data in the marine environment, understanding the ecological consequences of human uses, designing and developing technical tools to monitor activities, and implementing corresponding policies. These activities are currently continued and consolidated with the GIZ “Co-management of marine, coastal and terrestrial resources” (CorMCT) program.
