Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) is a USAID-funded project to improve biodiversity outcomes by equipping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries, and forests. It does this through three Strategic Approaches
La agricultura depende en gran medida de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, sin embargo, el sector agrícola a menudo suele no tomar en cuenta su valor y los costos ambientales de prácticas no sostenibles dentro de las políticas y la toma de decisiones. Por esta razón se diseñó una estrategia para sensibilizar a personal de la Secretaría de Agricultura, a cerca del valor que representa la biodiversidad dentro del sector y su importancia dentro de las cadenas de valor en el sector rural. Para ello se desarrollaron e instalaron dos capacitaciones virtuales, una para servidores públicos sobre integración de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos (ISE) en la agricultura y otra para técnicos sobre cadenas de valor sostenibles. Su fin es integrar el valor de la biodiversidad y los servicios de los ecosistemas en los instrumentos de toma de decisiones, al igual que ayudar a productores a implementar proyectos de producción sustentable y amigable con la biodiversidad.
Guatemala se comprometio a restaurar 1.2 Millones de hectareas en el Bonn Challenge. Para lograr su compromiso elaboró una estrategia nacional de restauración de paisajes y identifico al programa de incentivos forestales como el principal instrumento de politica publica. En el año 2015 con la publicación de la Ley PROBOSQUE, incorporó la modalidad de restauración y recuperación de tierras degradas.
Con esta solución se propuso un esquema para aumentar la oferta de bienes y servicios ambientales en ecosistemas estrategicos, empleando tecnicas y especies que brinden la mejor estructura ecologica del sitio a restaurar y ademas, aumenten la inversión publica en temas de restauración de paisajes.
La solución propone el siguiente metodo para incorporar el enfoque ecosistemico en los incentivos forestales: 1) Caracterización del ecosistema de referencia , 2) Definición de niveles de degradación, y 3) Propuestas de especies priorizadas para la restauración.
La creación de la Reserva Biológica Bosque Nuboso Monteverde del Centro Científico Tropical en 1972 marca un hito en la economía de la región. La llegada de científicos y turistas para conocer el ecosistema ha generado que su población vea una oportunidad de mejora en su nivel de vida. Este progreso es evidente a través de la llegada de más de 100 mil visitantes a la reserva, permitiendo a los locales, ofrecer servicios de hospedaje y alimentación, convirtiéndose en operadores turísticos y generando así un traspaso de su actividad agricultora y ganadera hacia el rubro empresario del turismo y en algunos casos, adicionando estas actividades a las agrícolo- ganaderas incrementando con ello su economía familiar.
Actualmente, todos los pobladores se encuentran relacionados de alguna manera con el turismo, lo cual se debe a la creación de este área protegida.
En 2013 el Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia (PNNC) estructuró 8 casos piloto para integrar las áreas protegidas al ordenamiento territorial, como insumo para la Política de Ordenamiento Territorial nacional. En 2014, suscribió un convenio con UICN para el proyecto “Planificación de Ordenamiento Territorial Integrado para la biodiversidad”, iniciativa que promueve la implementación del Plan Estratégico del CBD 2011-2020 con metodologías participativas sobre uso de suelo e integración del cambio climático en 4 países.
En Colombia, se apoyó dos casos piloto en San Juan Nepomuceno, Bolívar, y Santa Rosa, Cauca. La experiencia se basa en el trabajo interinstitucional y multinivel de entidades públicas nacionales, autoridades ambientales, entidades territoriales y comunidades locales; el fortalecimiento de capacidades e intercambio de conocimiento para la gestión del territorio; y la complementariedad entre instrumentos de planeación ambiental y ordenamiento territorial.
Participatory governance is a new experience developed by Senegal in the process of organizing, setting up and managing its network of marine protected areas. This approach enables Senegal to better fulfill its commitments under international conventions such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, adopted in 1994, and to move from a regalian management model to a participatory process enabling it to transfer its powers to local authorities for the governance of their natural resources. This is an iterative and participatory process, encouraged and supported by the State to enable local communities to create and manage protected areas as a tool for the sustainable management of natural resources and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits.
Through a deliberate strategy of getting Parliament votes and media attention, the Murray Darling Basin Plan was passed through Federal Parliament in 2013. The Darling River is one of the largest in Australia and runs from north to south. The Darling River flows into the Murray River and had been reduced to a trickle at the mouth due to big ag’s water usage for irrigation. A consortium of community members spent 10 years getting this plan passed.
Sikkim is the first state in the world that is 100% organic: All of its farmland is certified organic. The policy implemented a phase-out of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and achieved a total ban on sale and use of chemical pesticides in the state. The transition has benefitted more than 66,000 farming families.
At the same time, Sikkim’s approach reaches beyond organic production and has proved truly transformational for the state and its citizens. Embedded in its design are socioeconomic aspects such as consumption and market expansion, cultural aspects as well as health, education, rural development and sustainable tourism. Sikkim’s tourism sector, for instance, benefited greatly from the new organic image: between 2014 and 2017, the number of tourists increased by over 50 per cent.
For their achievements, Sikkim’s policies were awarded the Future Policy Gold Award 2018, awarded by the World Future Council in partnership with the FAO and IFOAM – Organics International.
This solution addresses the complexities of having multiple jurisdictions and interests involved in co-managing a very large and diverse area. Today complementary management and planning provisions apply in virtually all marine waters within the GBR, irrespective of the jurisdictional responsibility.
Reforestamos México developed a solution that allows Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) located near big cities to become a center point that brings alliances, hands and financial resources together in order to plant trees in degraded forests, improve the livelihood of local communities and increase forest awareness among urban people, which derives in better private and public political will to develop initiatives for the benefit of protected and unprotected forests.
IUCN in Jordan and the global power company AES Levant are working together to engage stakeholders in seeking solutions to environmental issues affecting the area to the east of the capital Amman, such as to biodiversity degradation and environmental pollution in an area that are witnessing rapid land use changes towards a more industrialized uses . The project brings together private sector, governmental institutions, environmental experts and local communities in a unique initiative, creating a model that can encourage other private companies to help communities with environmental planning on a local level.
Over 300 small hydropower plants (SHPP) have been planned for construction in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Even though there is a legal framework in BiH obliging the authorities and the investors to include the local community in the planning and decision-making processes, those regulations are consistently ignored. In Kruščica village, the consent of the locals, for building 4 SHPP planned on their river, was plagiarised. Those 4 SHPP were subsequently added into the spatial plan of the Vitez municipality, in which the Kruščica Mountain had been listed as a PA. Around 40 people signed their consent for the projects. The others didn’t have a clue what was going on (including 2,000 people is living in the village). A spontaneous gathering of citizens on the only bridge that leads to the construction site of SHPP has grown in the successful initiative. WWF Adria, together with partners, is supporting work of Eko-Bistro, organization established by Kruščica village inhabitants.
The TEEBAgriFood Initiative developed a unique comprehensive evaluation framework which allows assessing of impacts and externalities of agriculture and food systems – the environmental, health, social and cultural externalities, both positive and negative, and across value chains. It builds and illustrates the case for “systems” instead of “silo” thinking. This holistic approach of ‘true cost accounting’ allows decision makers to better compare different policies and the market to value agriculture and food more accurately. Thereby TEEBAgriFood will help to overcome barriers and effectively upscale agroecology and lead to more equitable agriculture and food systems. For its comprehensive approach providing opportunities to contribute to the majority of the SDGs and offering an effective system of ‘true cost accounting’, TEEBAgriFood was recognized with the Future Policy Vision Award 2018, awarded by the World Future Council in partnership with FAO and IFOAM – Organics International.
