1990 United Nations list of national parks and protected areas

Cameroon’s forests face pressures from logging, agricultural expansion, population growth, and climate change. These challenges are made worse by inadequate forest management. In response, the Dja and Mpomo Model Forest (FOMOD) in eastern Cameroon developed an agroforestry model across its 1.6 million-hectare Congo Basin landscape. This began in 2011 with two pilot micro-enterprises. The first focused on Moringa cultivation, valued for its ecological co-benefits. This success led to the expansion into four municipal level enterprises. These were later consolidated through the “Eco Agricultural Business for the Adaptation to Changes in Climate (B-ADAPT)” project on eco-agricultural adaptation to climate change. FOMOD has sought to increase institutional visibility, combat endemic poverty, strengthen governance for vulnerable groups (Indigenous peoples, women, and youth), and build financial self-sufficiency through agroforestry and new partnerships. Core to building self-sufficiency is the development of green value chains. 

Mexico is one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world, home to rich fauna and flora and considered a biocultural hotspot. However, ecosystem degradation and climate change have threatened biodiversity across the country.  

Amid this situation, the Ministry of Environment and Land-use Planning of the state of Guanajuato, with support from the Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), strengthened the management and mobilization strategy of Guanajuato’s Environmental Public Fund. Following these reforms, the fund’s annual revenue increased by USD 545,110 (MXN 10,000,000), improving its capacity to finance biodiversity-relatedprojects.  

 This initiative is part of a broad strategy to implement the BIOFIN methodology at the subnational level across 15 state governments in Mexico, enhancing biodiversity finance while adapting to the context and priorities of each state.  

The Colombian Amazon is a biome of extraordinary biocultural richness that provides vital ecosystem services and faces complex socio-environmental pressures. There, traditional practices of Indigenous Peoples coexist with the productive systems of peasant, Afro-Colombian, and peace-signatory communities, as well as extractive activities and armed conflict.

There are also socio-environmental conflicts driven by socioeconomic inequalities among its inhabitants, which contribute to deforestation and affect ecological connectivity. In contrast, there is a tradition of community-led processes that sustainably manage the territory.

This solution presents the results of the Sustainable Amazon for Peace project, which strengthened environmental governance for #PeaceWithNature through conservation practices and the sustainable use of biodiversity in the northwestern Amazon (areas with the highest deforestation rates); supported by public policies formulated by institutions contributing to the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Agreement and climate action.

At !Khwa ttu, an indigenous San heritage centre on 850ha in South Africa’s Cape West Coast Biosphere Reserve, food tells a story. The team asked: What if our restaurant truly reflected San culture? With guidance from regenerative chef Christiaan Campbell, they redesigned the space, rethought the menu, and embraced the idea: “Serving heritage on every plate.” Meals now carry flavours of the land—wild herbs, seasonal plants, and tastes once used by San hunter-gatherers. While they can’t gather large amounts daily, every dish has at least a touch of the indigenous—a spice, a leaf, a flavour connecting guests to land and people. Visitors can explore further on tours showcasing how the San blend ancient knowledge with modern agroecology to restore plants and wildlife in a changing climate. The menu also builds relationships: !Khwa ttu works with 40+ local producers, grows herbs, blends teas and forages wild foods. Nothing is wasted. Food here is more than a meal—it connects past, land, and community—a recipe for a healthy planet.

Since 2018, as part of the “INtroduction of the Amur tiger tot he Ile River Delta”, Bukhara deer has been actively reintroduced to the rezervat (through joint efforts of WWF and the Kazakh government). The current population is estimated at 200 individuals, however, maintaining a stable population is challenging due to prolonged drought stressing important forage species. Bukhara deer also require access to freshwater, and Lake Balkhash is highly saline. To address these issues, ACBK, in collaboration with staff the nature rezervat and experts from the Institute of Zoology Kazakhstan, worked to repurpose drinking water wells originally developed during the soviet era for geo-exploration to be used as wildlife watering holes. More than 50 years have passed since the wells were drilled, and 2 wells were restored in areas with high deer concentrations. Pumping equipment is powered by solar panels and, although it can be fully automated remotely. Rezervat staff can monitor wells during their routine inspections.

The project aims to protect the pond European pond terrapin (Emys orbicularis), Serbia’s only native aquatic turtle species, by addressing threats such as habitat fragmentation, mortality due to motor vehicles, and agricultural disturbances. The supported project focuses on revitalizing movement corridors and facilitating the crossing of a local road, to ensure safe nesting and movement for the turtles at the Deliblatsko lake. Additionally, the project involves  community engagement, educational activities, dissemination of information, and raising conservation awareness through workshops, informational materials, and public events.

The overall objective of the project is to conserve and improve habitats and movement corridors for the European pond terrapin (Emys orbicularis) within Special Nature Reserve (SNR) “Kraljevac.