El extractivismo en América Latina : conclusiones y recomendaciones del Taller UICN-CEE, Amacayacu, Colombia, Octubre 1992

The Iguaçu National Park (INP), in Brazil, and its sister park Iguazú National Park in Argentina constitute one of the most significant remaining remnants of the Interior Atlantic Forest on the Argentina-Brazil border. The Iguaçu National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage site of roughly 185 000 ha, located in the State of Paraná, in southern Brazil. The national park contains semi-deciduous, sub-tropical rainforests and many charismatic species, including jaguar Panthera onca, puma Puma concolor and the tapir Tapirus terrestris. The area around the national park has mainly been altered due to heavy logging and the intensification and expansion of agriculture (mostly corn and soy), and rural settlements. On the national park’s boundaries, wildlife comes into contact with people with negative interactions arising. In 2018, Projeto Onças do Iguaçu (the Jaguars of Iguaçu Project, and hereafter “the project”) was initiated, to continue the jaguar population surveys carried out by previous projects, such as “Carnívoros do Iguaçu,” and expand outreach activities, including providing technical assistance to ranchers, engaging with local communities and providing education regarding jaguars in the region.

This case study will cover the process of planning for coexistence undertaken by this project.

The Tarija region of southern Bolivia encompasses four ecosystems, including the critically endangered Inter-Andean dry forests. Much of the forest composition has changed as a result of intensive human intervention. Despite the severe fragmentation and habitat loss, the valleys are considered important centres for plant endemism, and it is home to the largest carnivores of South America, Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus, jaguar Panthera onca and puma Puma concolor. The area is prone to the effects of climate change with severe droughts
affecting agriculture, with up to 80 percent crop losses in 2015.

Following a regional assessment on the distribution of Andean bears in 2010, researchers received reports from local communities regarding Andean bears attacking and killing cattle in the Tarija region, with retaliation against the bears ensuing. Researchers were surprised by these reports as the presence of bears had not been documented in the area. However, in 2016, a camera trap study was initiated by Chester Zoo, Protección Medio Ambiente Tarija (PROMETA) and the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) and confirmed the presence of a reproductive population of Andean bears (mother and cub) in the region. These findings became the trigger to start the Andean Bears and People Project in 2018, a collaboration between Chester Zoo, PROMETA, WildCRU, Centro de Estudios Regionales de Tarija (CERDET), Instituto de Investigación y Capacitacion Campesina (IICA) and the Natural History Museum Alcides d’Orbigny.

Produced by IUCN's Eastern Africa Programme, this publication aims to investigate the extent to which communities have been provided with economic incentives to become involved in sustainable forest management in Eastern and Southern Africa, and how far perverse incentives and disincentives encouraging forest degradation and loss have been overcome. This study concludes that there is an urgent need to provide economic incentives, and it highlights a number of policy recommendations.

The spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is creating complex and far-reaching challenges that threaten both the natural biological riches of the earth and the well being of its citizens. Summarising key findings of the Phase I Synthesis Conference held in September 2000 in Cape Town, Republic of South Africa, this publication presents ten strategic responses that address how to mitigate the threats of IAS. Directed toward the decision-makers whose policies and practices are affecting the movement of species around the world, this strategy strives to provide a resource to increase awareness and provide policy advice.