This study reviews range state policy and management responses to expanding or abundant species of seals — the Cape fur, northern fur, hooded, harp, ringed, grey, harbour and crabeater seals. This review takes a case study approach regarding government seal management policies and practices, and examines the following additional issues within each country/species case study: a) Extra-territorial impacts of national or regional policies and management activities b) The nature and extent of perceived conflicts between seals and fisheries, and c) Economic and livelihood value of programmes for sustainable use of seals.