IGAD and IUCN-EARO collaborated to develop a Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) project for the IGAD region. As a result six detailed country studies were undertaken for Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan and Uganda, and a regional analysis. Country and regional workshops were convened to deliberate and agree on the major issues and activities. This book describes CBNRM activities in the six countries for the first time in some details, discusses some of the regional issues and shared ecosystems which such an approach could address, as well as describing some of the major challenges (security over natural resources, risk, drought for example, as well as perverse policies and incentives). Many interesting case studies are described which will be of interest more widely in Africa, and demonstrates the importance of natural resources as a key livelihood asset in the Horn of Africa