• Knowledge Hub
  • GSAP
  • Integrating community response and stewardship to de-escalate conflict situations

Integrating community response and stewardship to de-escalate conflict situations

The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh is the most populated in India, with nearly 200 million people. The state contains four tiger reserves, Dudhwa, Pilibhit, Amangarh and Ranipur, which provide essential protected habitats for tigers Panthera tigris and leopards Panthera pardus, as well as other endemic and endangered species. However, these big cats often leave the protected areas, moving through the forest fragments and human-dominated areas to find new territories. Leopards have been widely documented as surviving in scant vegetation mosaics outside of the protected areas, and in some parts, tigers have also been observed raising their litters in agricultural mosaics. As a result, negative interactions occur between local communities and big cats which often lead to injuries and deaths of humans, as well as more frequent cases of livestock depredation.

Big cats have been observed travelling long distances and causing many human fatalities and injuries. They are often killed during these interactions when the communities retaliate or during the melees which ensue during the conflict management.

To manage this situation, in 2009, the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) in collaboration with the Uttar Pradesh Forest Department initiated the Terai Tiger Project (hereafter “the project”). The project established a mobile veterinary service, which primarily used capture and translocation of problematic animals as their main approach to resolving ongoing conflict situations. The mobile veterinary service’s primary role was to intervene in these negative interactions, rescue, treat and subsequently release the problematic animal back into the wild. Despite successfully capturing and releasing big cats, this success was limited to a small number of individual animals.

At the same time, local communities, through poisoning or even by lynching, were consequently killing more big cats in retaliation. The project evolved to take a more holistic and pragmatic approach, aiming to address the root causes by requiring the wide participation of the local community.

This case study will outline the establishment of primary response and rapid response teams to manage these negative situations between local communities and wildlife.

gsap
India, Uttar Pradesh
Visit page

Related content

National fisheries fish spawning calendar for Lebanon

This spawning calendar gathers information for commercial marine fish native to Lebanon. Fish samples were collected from various ports around the country and thoroughly analysed, providing some valuable insight on the native fish population. Considered essential for future fishery management plans, it will in turn contribute to a more efficient, sustainable management of the marine ecosystems.

Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development

Achieving a climate-resilient future requires rapid, sustained and far-reaching transformations in energy, land-use, infrastructure and industrial systems. Large-scale expansion of renewable energy can play a critical role in meeting the world’s growing energy demands and in the fight against climate change. However, even ‘clean’ energy sources can have significant unintended impacts on the environment. The guidelines aim to provide practical support for solar and wind energy developments by effectively managing risks and improving overall outcomes related to biodiversity and ecosystem services. They are industry-focused and can be applied across the whole project development life cycle, from early planning through to decommissioning and repowering, using the mitigation hierarchy as a clear framework for planning and implementation. The mitigation hierarchy is applied to direct, indirect and cumulative impacts. The catalogue of resources relevant to mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development (Annex 1 of the publication) is available as a separate, downloadable, spreadsheet.

IUCN policy statement on sustainable use of wild living resources

Species Threat Abatement and Restoration in the Central African Republic

This report presents findings from an assessment of the biodiversity conservation potential of four project sites: Lobaye, Mambéré-Kadéï, Ombella-Mpoko, and Sangha-Mbaéré located in the Bangui region of the Central African Republic (CAR). This assessment was done using the Species Threat Abatement and Recovery (STAR) metric, which employs  high-resolution imagery and an approach to modelling species’ Area of Habitat (AOH) that was revised after June 2020 among other enhancements. This work was undertaken to better inform threat abatement and restoration planning and implementation at the partner project sites, and as part of a wider effort to pilot and strengthen the use of STAR as a  tool for restoration and conservation practitioners, communities, investors, and policymakers.

Designing and managing protected and conserved areas to support inland water ecosystems and biodiversity

Inland waters – such as rivers, lakes and other wetlands – are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. They are also the most threatened; almost one in three species is at risk of extinction and monitored populations of freshwater species have declined by 85% since 1970. The loss of these ecosystems has cascading effects on human livelihoods, cultures and our overall well-being. While protected and conserved areas can play an important role in bending the curve of inland water biodiversity and ecosystem loss, they have rarely been designed, designated, and managed for that purpose. Motivated by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework’s inclusion of inland waters in the target to conserve 30% of the planet by 2030, this report provides guidance in employing protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures to benefit these ecosystems and the biodiversity they support. Through a series of case studies and synthesized research, it highlights how integrating the unique needs of inland waters into area-based strategies can improve conservation effectiveness across all realms, build climate resilience and sustain critical ecosystem services.

Agriculture and conservation

In 2021, IUCN launched the IUCN Flagship Report Series, to help demonstrate the importance of conserving nature for human well-being and all life on Earth. This report, the second in the series, focuses on agriculture and nature. The interactions, synergies, and tradeoffs between the two sit at the heart of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which calls for ending hunger and ensuring food security while also mandating the protection and restoration of nature. Whether the two can be achieved simultaneously, and if so how, are crucial questions for humanity and our planet. IUCN therefore explores the positive and negative relationships between agriculture and nature conservation and mobilises new modelling approaches to examine both imperatives within a range of realistic policies.

Cercocebus and Mandrillus conservation action plan 2024–2028

Collectively, Cercocebus and Mandrillus include nine species and two subspecies of African monkeys: seven species of Cercocebus and two of Mandrillus, including two drill subspecies. Together, they represent some of the least studied and hence least known of the Afro-Eurasian Primates. This Plan includes taxon-specific conservation actions, devised under six overarching themes: increase engagement and local livelihood support, reduce knowledge gaps, promote habitat restoration, raise the profile of Cercocebus and Mandrillus taxa, enhance protection, and respond to public health needs for the neighboring human populations. The Plan aimes to raise the profile of the Cercocebus and Mandrillus species, encourage collaboration amongst conservation practitioners, local communities, government agencies, and other invested parties, and ultimately prevent the extinction of some of the most amazing primate species on the planet.

Building trust between rangers and communities

This is the first volume in the WCPA Good Practice Guidelines that is predominantly by rangers, for rangers. The editors worked with partners to collect good practices and stories from rangers worldwide, reflecting global experience and lessons learned. The text focuses on actions that rangers, and to a lesser extent managers, can do themselves. It does not address institutional changes that would need intervention at government level. Whilst the latter are often necessary, decisions are out of the hands of individual rangers. Nor is the guide the last word on the state of play, another global ranger survey is being carried out simultaneously with the production of these guidelines and we will continue to learn about ranger needs, strengths and challenges in the future.

Recognising territories and areas conserved by Indigenous peoples and local communities (ICCAs) overlapped by protected areas

Many protected areas worldwide overlap with ‘territories and areas conserved by Indigenous peoples and local communities’ or ‘ICCAs’ (Indigenous peoples’ and community conserved areas’). These overlapped ICCAs include conserved commons, sacred places and Indigenous and community protected areas. Appropriately recognising and respecting overlapped ICCAs in protected area governance, management and practice can strengthen conservation, affirm rights and promote equitable protected area governance. This volume identifies six approaches or pathways and provides guidance on implementing 20 good practices for appropriately recognizing, respecting and supporting overlapped ICCAs in existing, new and expanded protected areas of all governance types and management categories.

Asia highlights 2023

Xiamen practice – a case study of integrating Nature-based Solutions in coastal city development

As a typical coastal city, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, faces serious societal challenges such as the impact of climate change, overexploitation of natural resources, and loss of biodiversity. Xiamen is implementing Nature-based Solutions (NbS) by strengthening ecological protection, promoting ecosystem restoration, building sponge city, supporting sustainable community development and green transformation of mines, while encouraging funding and diverse public participation. After more than 30 years of exploration and practice, the green development concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature has been integrated into areas and processes of Xiamen’s economic and social development, making Xiamen’s practice a global example of excellence in NbS and a model for sustainable development of coastal cities.

A stocktaking report on other effective area-based conservation measures in China : first edition

Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) have been long recognised as an effective approach for safeguarding biodiversity at local, national and global levels. This report takes stock of the policies and practices relevant to OECMs in China. The report explores the critical role of OECMs in China’s conservation efforts, emphasising their potential contribution to the country’s commitment to Target 3 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). With well-established policies and practical evidence base in place, China is poised to embrace OECMs through both top-down and bottom-up approaches.