This handbook was written for staff working in protected areas around the world (including parks, wilderness areas, resarch areas, and other types of protected landscapes) who encounter conflicts of all kinds. The Handbook can also be a resource for other interested parties who want to play a constructive role in protected area conflicts. A simple framework is offered and some strategies for responding to different types of conflicts in protected areas are explored. Case studies, which are the heart of the Handook, describe a variety of both short and long term approaches for dealing with conflict.