Cooperation at the scale of entire mountain ranges, whether through formal agreements or regional institutions, is widely acknowledged to be desirable. The Caucasus, generally better known for conflict than cooperation, is a major centre of biological, landscape, and cultural diversity. Appropriate mechanisms to maintain and foster these various types of diversity – which are intricately linked – are urgently needed and as first step, this report gives an overview of the region and details of existing structures for cooperation at all levels