The European Red List is a review of the conservation status of c.6,000 European species (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, butterflies, dragonflies, and selected groups of beetles, molluscs, and vascular plants) according to IUCN regional Red Listing guidelines. It identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at the regional level – in order that appropriate conservation action can be taken to improve their status. This publication summarises results for Europe’s 85 native species of amphibians. Nearly a quarter of these species are threatened with extinction at the European level as a result of threats including habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation, pollution, climate change, and invasive alien species.